Yepasi pemvura "Northwind": tsanangudzo uye nokurondedzerwa. Nuclear Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Northwind"

Chakagamuchirwa rokutanga Russian Navy raMwari inokosha yenyukireya yepasi pemvura "Northwind" chirongwa rakagamuchirwa muna 2013. The yepasi pemvura, iyo inobudiswa pikicha mudzimba uye dzimwe nhau, yainzi "Yury Dolgoruky". Zviri panguva iyoyo akanga chete raparurwa iri yapfuura makore 12. Uyezve, kwaiva wokutanga rwendo chikepe zvakafanana mhando, yakavakwa muna Russia itsva.

Ndiani rechiram

Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki "Borey" rinoreva "kuchamhembe". Asi ichi nenzvimbo pfungwa, kupindura pamwe operative nharaunda, "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", zvinoreva zita chirongwa haina aneta. Mumwe yepasi pemvura kuti "Borey" chirongwa inomiririra simba Greek rengano mwari mukoma Note uye Zephyr, mwanakomana Astrea uye EOS, mukuru anotyisa mutongi yokuchamhembe mhepo. Nyora nezvazvo mu "rinonzi Iliad" pakati Homer, ndiye kufarira gamba iri vatenzi muGirisi yekare, richimurondedzera mumabasa akawanda uri kuti vaburukira edu nguva. Simba, mapapiro, Bearded,-refu vhudzi, akagara "sedmidomnom cavern" (ndiko zvikuru kuvanza) uye akaita zvaaida. Kana akasarudza kuroora - iye kubiwa Orifov, mwanasikana wamambo, panzira. Pfungwa iyi pashure zvinoratidzwa pamatende ake vemifananidzo zhinji. An zvekufungidzira mufananidzo mwari rechiram (aizivikanwawo Zephyr) ndiyo uye kupenda "Spring" pakati Botticelli. Ndiro zita yenyukireya yepasi pemvura basa guru.

History of chirongwa

The yepasi pemvura "Northwind" pakutanga akagadzirirwa kuti dzakananga mhando svikiro inokosha yenyukireya - zvikukutu-mafuta chombo "Bark" (P-39UTTH), yakatanga nepakati eighties somunhu counterweight kuna US, "Pershing-2". Somugumisiro Papera, Vavaki vengarava dzakakunda basa nani kupfuura chitundumuseremusere vanhu, uyo zvose chakakanganisika. Pakupera kwe "Bark" takasarudza kusiya basa, imwe itsva yepasi pemvura ruoko zvichiteverwa zvimwewo. Imwe nzira iri kushongedzera ayo rwendo zvombo, asi Bazi Defence vakaomerera pazuva kuenderera kutsvakurudza mumunda hwakasimba-mafuta zvombo, akanga, kana tichienzanisa kare anogadzirwa USSR emura ivhu, wandei zvakanakira. Underwater chikepe munguva iyi yakaramba kuvaka. The nyika akawedzera dzakaoma.

Konekwa Yeltsin yaitonga

Chirongwa yakagadzirira pashure USSR kuparara. The yepasi pemvura kuti "Borey" Kirasi yokutanga yakavambwa muna 1996 uye akava ... chaihwo refu kuvakwa. Makore maviri gare gare, apo kukundikana kuva "satama" akava pachena, vakagadzirira-akaita nepurani yakadhirowewa papepa aifanira yakadzokororwa. KweDzimba Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye lightweight mutumbi zvoupfumi kuGreece uye dhefisiti mari yakatora nemaviri. Chete muna 2008 raiva rinoyera nezvekutanga ari "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", asi zvakanditorera yakazara karenda kwemakore mashanu kuguma ndakapedza basa uye kuchinjwa muchikepe of Northern Fleet of Russian Federation. Asi zvose kuitwa izvi kukunda matambudziko zvinogona sechinoitika kwakarurama. Yepasi pemvura "Northwind" ane rakasiyana seaworthy.

Chii chikepe ichi?

Kunyudza udzamu - mamita mana (480 kunonyanyisa). Anyatsofukidzwa havukavu - 29 nokusunungura mapfundo, pemvura -15 dzakabatana. Draft (chakakwana) - .. matani 24 mumwe mativi mita muviri yakagadzirwa mukuru-simba austenitic Stainless simbi AK-100, anoramba 40 tani mutoro. chikepe kureba - 170 metres. mvura Potable iri zvikaramba kubva kurutivi desalination zvinomera, uye hunobviswa chete okisijeni vapfume mhepo inodiwa kwavari mukati motokari. Pamusoro pemvura haugoni kusimuka mwedzi. rakaisvonaka mararamiro habitability hwakagadzwa nokuda rakarira. Nuclear yepasi pemvura "Northwind" anoona uye anonzwa zvose zvinofamba kure wezviuru zhinji makiromita dzakapoteredza, ane yakatsiga kubatana ne coded acoustic hova uye nguva vakagadzirira kuita kurwisana mishoni. Chinangwa muchikepe, kusafanana zhinji Generic dzomuzana, zvine urongwa. By hurongwa mutungamiri, anofanira kununura hombe renyukireya chombo amurove, simba iri inokwana kuzodzosera kondinendi yose renje upenyu. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira ngarawa muchivande chipo chero nzvimbo pegungwa, napamusoro isingazivikanwi kune wandaizoda muvengi pakadzika anoona nezvimwewo kwaari. Shoma kudzivirira zvivako nokufukidzwa chidzitiro chakavanzika, sezvinoita yepasi pemvura "Northwind". Magadzirirwo muchivande, ziva nezvazvo vakasvimha, uye kunyange ipapo chete nokuti chinangwa chikuru chipi kudzivirira gadziriro zvakafanana pamwero - kutyisidzira munhu zvichibvira murwisi.

Zvinangwa zvine urongwa chombo yepasi pemvura haasi kwaisanganisira vachivhima zvekufambisa kana mauto noutsinye fleets. Inopa renyukireya chokuti pasava chete nokukurumidza pangozi kutsiva kana kurwiswa.

About shipbuilding "mupiro"

matambudziko zvemari vakasundira creators rokutanga chikepe pane akatevedzana ( "Yuriya Dolgorukogo") kushandiswa kwayo kuvaka chikamu "Cougar" Project 971 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura (aizivikanwawo "Pike-B"). Pamasikiro "Aleksandra Nevskogo" modules yakafanana vave akakweretwa kubva "Lynx", uye nyaya "Vladimirom Monomahom" - iri "AK Bars". Pachaunga leaked ruzivo kuti mangwanani uye decommissioned Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kwenyukireya "Barnaul" akava mhando anyatsoronga zvikepe itsva, zvichiita kuti pave nedzimwe vanotsoropodza Russian kuzvidzivirira indasitiri kuti vafunga pamusoro hwokugadzira backwardness yeRussian rengarava. Akavaka tariro kubvuma kuti Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 955 "Borey" havasi shoko rapera wengarava shipbuilding, uye inounganidzwa kubva yechipiri mbishi zvinhu uye zvinoriumba, decommissioned Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Kutaura zvazviri, kushandisa rakanyatsojeka akakodzera anoshongwa Hull - zvikuru justifiable chipimo kuderedza zvinhu mari. On Kurwa vanokwanisa ngarava itsva haina kukanganiswa.

Reactor uye propulsion hurongwa

Mwoyo yepasi pemvura - a 190-megawatt hwemvura OK-650V. Vanonyanya kupa ruzha kuti ichafukura yepasi pemvura chero zvenyukireya, zvinosanganisira pombi, coolant kupomba uye TGZA (Turbo-gasi-giya chikwata). Pamasikiro yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Northwind", zviyero izvi zvakafanana kuti kushandiswa pamusoro zvikepe zviri rapfuura akatevedzana (kusanganisira "Ash" chirongwa). Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti ruzha pamwero inoramba chete - nayo yakaderera nokuda siyana rwokugadzira anonyengera. Yakava jeti propulsion mudziyo, izvo yekudyidzana akaderedza Decibel, midziyo yose akagamuchira rinokosha kuvhunduka absorbers. Pane kubvuma kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu yaida chaiyo kuchengeterwa, pane disconnection GTZA kubva hwindimiri mugodhi uye igwa nechido chaiwo pasi-ruzha injini. Kanenge kuti nzira ndakatsungawo mubvunzo chinodyiwa pakavanda "Ash".

chechina chizvarwa

The yepasi pemvura "Northwind" - rudzi rwechina muchikepe. Chinangwa chacho chaiva yokutsiva Ngarava dzepasi pemvura akaita munguva Soviet, ichangoburwa zvacho vakachenjerera kuti muzvina remakore uye zvombo mhando "Sineva" zvombo mvura. The chamazuva pezvivako hazvisi wakarurama: yepasi pemvura vari zvinodhura chaizvo uye vane upenyu basa refu uye misha yavo zvivezwa matsva zvishoma nezvishoma. Strategic yomugungwa vatakuri zvenyukireya zvombo US Navy vane ndezvomuzana vezera sezvo Russian, kunyanya kubva yokupedzisira US akapiwa zvaunoda pfungwa pakusika multi-chinangwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura tichiregeredza nematambudziko pose containment. Kumhanya kuvakwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Russian mamuka yekudyidzana mumakore achangopfuura, kunyange zvazvo tsika Soviet vachiri kuwa pfupi. Saka, ngarava wechipiri (uye wechitatu) Project 955 akakwanisa mubasa makore matanhatu chete pashure kuturika.

Acoustic chiteshi

The yose mhino yacho yepasi pemvura "Northwind" inogarwa zvikuru kugumbuka idenderedzwa kanyanga Akash gadziriro MGK-600B "Irtysh-Amphora". Pasinei simba chero chombo chikuru pemvura, hwaizova pasina pasina kukwanisa chinangwa kuongorora nezvakatipoteredza nomumativi pasi pemvura mamiriro ezvinhu. Kunze zvatinosiita mabasa, wakaumbwa shumopelengovanii, kunanga pamutemo uye kukurukurirana, bhodhi GAK anogona kuyera pakukora chando Detective torpedoes uye zvimbambaira, kuwana buri muaizi iri kuchamhembe latitudes uye kupa chikepe murayiro yakawanda mamwe mashoko anobatsira, zvikuru mune kurwa ezvinhu.

chitundumuseremusere launchers

The yepasi pemvura "Northwind" ane zvakasiyana siluetti pamwe nyasha anotema mutsika. Kune chombo launchers, inova huru chombo pamusoro pemvura ngarawa chinangwa chinokosha. Kusvikira nhambo apo mashoko rakabudiswa musi inokosha yaibvira chikepe idzva, nyanzvi mauto vaitenda kuti maviri dzavo. Chokwadi hazvina kudaro: launchers gumi, mumwe nomumwe wavo - zvinoita zvokukandwa "Bulava". udzamu ultraprecise Kudzikamiswa hurongwa rakavimbika kutanga chero yetsiva kosi.

Saka chii ne "Bulava"?

The yepasi pemvura "Northwind" akasikwa kuti vave mutakuri chombo idzva "Bulava". Sezvo January 2013 chikepe ndiyo chikamu Northern Fleet, asi haisi kuzivikanwa kuti inoshanda inogona kurwadza kukonzerwa pavo. Yezwi itsva mhando zvombo anzi kwakatooma kupfuura kare akafunga. Chaizvoizvo, zvakanakira hwakasimba-huni zvombo ndeinotevera:

- rakachengeteka chengetedzo uye achisiya mukana netsaona kutanga-up kutopedza;

- mumwe hwakanyatsorwisa pasi mutengo;

- nyore kutanga;

- zvishoma pangozi chombo kudzivirira nehurongwa.

Zvisinei, uchapupu hwakasimba chitundumuseremusere vane nharaunda duku kuhondo chikumbiro kupfuura - panguva imwe guru - zvakafanana mvura. Mukuwedzera, mabikirwo kugadzirwa kwavo kunoratidzwa yakawanda subtleties.

Muna 2013, muchikepe "Aleksandra Nevskogo" akaberekwa pakutuma "Bulava R-30", yakaguma kukundikana. Shell akawira maminitsi maviri pashure pakutanga. Vasati chiitiko ichi, muedzo akapfuura zvinobudirira. Mushure troubleshooting zvinotevera ude vari kuitwa pasina kukundikana. zvakavanzika mamiriro hatibvumiri mhedziso yakasimba pamusoro revarwi kugona kuti Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Northwind". TTX chombo "Bulava" anozivikanwa chete zvavo nemashoko, idzowo mamiriro muchivande. Anoita kuvandudza uye kuwedzera rakavimbika mberi.

Mamwe magwa Project 955

Mumwe nomumwe zvinotevera "Borey" yepasi pemvura anotangazve mhando kwakasiyana yapfuura achikura pakukwana. Kutungamirira chikepe, "Yury Dolgoruky" kubva pakutanga 2013 iri anonzi mujinga Navy Gadzhiyevo (SF). "Alexander Nevsky" - rakatevera yepasi pemvura - kubva pamugumo chete gore, akashumira Pacific Fleet muna Vilyuchinsk, sorutivi wa25 Division. Kwapera gore, muna December 2014, akauya wechitatu chairema Magungano renyukireya yepasi pemvura "Vladimir Monomakh" pamusoro chete hwaro. zvikepe zvose vatatu haasati kurwisa basa iri woshanda munzvimbo. Zvakaoma kutonga zvakadini chikonzero ichi ndiko michina unoda. The zvinoitika tsika yose fleets zvenyika iri kwazvo kushanda kunze unyanzvi zvokuchenesa uye vabudirire akakwana zvinhu nhaka chikepe asati abva mukamuri rokuvhiyira. The murayiro ine 55 zvikuru vakuru uye 52 vengarava, kuti unyanzvi zvinodiwa uyewo kumusoro chaizvo. On sei mabasa avo zvakanaka chikwata, zvinoenderana kwete kubudirira kwenguva refu rwendo, asiwo upenyu kuvafambisi vengarava.

Zvinotevera "Borei"

Muna 2009, panguva "Sevmash" akaisa rechina chikepe chacho 955, akagamuchira zita St. Nicholas. Pari mukati rapera kwedzimba kuitwa akagadzawo midziyo uye magetsi michina. Shanduro iyi pemvura chombo ine 955-U indekisi.

Muna 2014 akatanga kuvaka vezvikwata zviviri - "Suvorov" uye "Muchinda Oleg" (Shanduro 955-A). Mabasa ake vari chokutambudzika ungano kwokudzvinyirira Hull.

Nokuti 2015 zvinonzi vakaronga kuripisa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura maviri mukirasi "rechiram".

Zvinonzi chete kana Navy masere Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Russian vorudzi rwechina, achiri kuzivikanwa. Zvichida, nhamba yavo kuchasvika gumi ne 2020. Nokufamba kwenguva, ivo ichatsiviwa pabasa "Squid" uye "Dolphins" Project 667, izvo zvine kare otsluzhat hwake.