Chii vaiva nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika Brest rugare: pfupiso chesungano yayo nechirevo

Soviet Russia, kune rumwe rutivi, Germany, Bulgaria, Turkey uye Austria-Hungary - panorumwe, vakapinda chibvumirano muna 1918. Kubva kuti, chii vaiva zvemupiro Brest rugare, chouviri ezvinhu masimba akawanda.

yapfuura zviitiko

Pakuurayiwa ari Brest Peace muna 1918 akakurukura kakati uye mumatanho matatu. Vazhinji misangano pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna Armenian nyaya. Zvisinei, Soviet Russia aisa mberi dzinoverengeka ezvinhu, Germany uye ayo nevatsigiri varamba ichi Brest runyararo. Date of kwakadzama pamusoro kwemamiriro chibvumirano muna Brest-Litovsk - 1917, December 9th. Panewo German murayiro unodiwa. Vanhu vokuSoviet vakaedza kudzivisa mune ramangwana nyika indemnities uye annexations.

Nzvimbo utungamiri yeSoviet

The nhume Soviet kwakasimbiswa chirongwa, yakavatevera panguva nhaurirano. Kubva kuti, chii vaiva zvemupiro Brest rugare, chouviri kuvimbika Russian nzvimbo uye vaigaramo. Pfungwa huru dzegungano:

• Mukana vadzivise kumanikidza annexation of achiitei nyika panguva yokurwisana.
• Kudzorerwa uzere enyika rusununguko dzavanhu, uyo akafirwa nawo nzira kurwa.
• Mukana kudzivisa indemnities.
• Musumo pamusoro kuzvionera kuti vashoma National uchiwirirana neumwe nhamba ezvinhu.
• Uchibatsirwa madzinza kodzero kusarudza nyika kana kusikwa pawaiva rusununguko.
• Colonial nyaya vakatsunga maererano pamusoro nenheyo.
• Kuchengetedzwa kodzero uye rusununguko marudzi kurukutika.

Utungamiriri Soviet akanga achironga sei kudhonza runyararo Nhaurirano refu, achitarisira muchivande kuti kuderedze Germany somugumisiro munyika chimurenga. January 28, 1918 Russia akapiwa kokupedzisira. Germany akadana kusaina esungano nezvirango dzakadai kuti pave, bazi wokuPoland, kuBaltic States uye Belarus.

sunga Russia

zvinoda Germany yakanga kunokukura. Kudivi rimwe, Russia aisagona kubvumirana kuti asaine runonyadzisa yakadaro chibvumirano naye, uye tinofanira kuva, asi kutanga hondo pane kubvumirana ezvinhu akadaro. Asi pfuma hondo akavhiyiwa haana kukwana. Kubva kuti, chii vaiva zvemupiro Brest rugare, kwaibva simba Russia. Leon Trotsky, pamwe nevamwe Bolsheviks, vakaedza kuwana nzira kubva izvi. Uye hutungamiri munyika vakasvika chisarudzo kuti akafunga zvakanakisisa. January 28 musoro nhume Soviet akaita nhaurwa, izvo zvakazoita kuti zvinotevera: nyika haangazozikamwi akasaina, asi mavambo hondo, Russia haazorambi kududzira. Leon Trotsky akazivisa kubudiswa kwebhuku vanhu uye varwi vehondo.

Chisarudzo ichi kwakakatyamadza vamiriri German uye yeAustria. Havana kutarisira dzoro ichi zvinhu. February 18 vakatanga kurwisa rweAustro-Hungary mauto. The Red Army akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa, kwakanga kusina munhu kudzivisa muvengi. Somugumisiro, muPskov uye Narva rakazvipira. Vamwe chehondo, vakanga panguva ino vari munzvimbo dzavo, vakadzokera shure pasina kurwa. Russia ndiyo zvisisadiwi kukurukura chii vaiva zvemupiro Brest runyararo. February 19 Zvinodiwa German vakagamuchirwa parutivi yeSoviet.

Germany, pokuziva netariro ezvinhu Russia yava kuda zvikuru munharaunda (kashanu), yaiva anenge Nehunde yose nyika marasha nesimbi mhangura uye vanhu mamiriyoni 50 vairarama. Uyewo, kurutivi Soviet aifanira kubhadhara indemnity guru. New Russian nhume yakanga inotungamirwa Grigory Sokolnikov. Akati kuti hapana sarudzo uye hazvingadziviswi nokusaina rugare chibvumirano pamamiriro ezvinhu. Akaratidzawo tariro kuti mamiriro ano ndekwenguva pfupi.

Terms of Brest runyararo - zvishoma

• Kurambwa enyika umo veko akunda Belarusians.
• The kuziva rusununguko rweUkraine.
• Kuenda privislyanskih Mapurovhinzi kuEstonia, Livonia, Courland, Mukuru Duchy pamusoro Finland.
• Branch Caucasian nharaunda - Batumi uye Kars.
• Kuita Rugare pamwe UPR.
• The demobilization weuto uye romugungwa.
• Care of reBaltic rengarava pamwe Finnish uye reBaltic zvigadziko.
• Kuripwa rubles zvendarama mamiriyoni 500 uye mabhiriyoni 6 mavanga.
• KuBaltic Fleet akasiya nechigadziko muFinland uye kuBaltic States.
• Kugumiswa echimurenga anoparadzirwa.
• Black Sea rengarava rakaenda Central Powers.

migumisiro

Saka zvakanzi akapedzisa Brest norugare. Musi kusaina kwayo - March 3, 1918. Ukraine, Poland, kuBaltic States uye chikamu Byelorussia vave akochonorwa kubva Russia. Uyewo, vanhu vokuSoviet vanobhadharwa Germany matani anopfuura 90 endarama. VokuGermany, vachiita vanoda kuona simba chepamutemo hurumende Ukraine akatanga basa kwenharaunda yacho. Panguva simukai ino Kusiyiwa SR kumukira uye hondo yevagari anotora chimiro pamwero mukuru hondo. The kushorwa zvikuru vakatsoropodza mutsara Lenin kuti Russia hapana sarudzo asi kugamuchira mashoko chesungano. Hondo yakanga vasina kurongeka. Migumisiro Rugare Brest akaratidza kuti kushorwa vatsigiri ndakadana kuti dzakakurumbira yokumukira kuti vasaziva German-yeAustria mauto. State Entente akashora runyararo vakasaina. Kubva March kusvika August 1918 kumhara vokuBritain uye Japanese mauto Murmansk, Vladivostok, Arkhangelsk.

End of Peace pakati Brest

Brest rugare haana kwaiitirwa kwenguva refu aite. On November 13, pashure kunokunda rweAustro-German masimba (nokuda muvakutsiri ayo), Russia chikwereti izvozvo. Musi kukanzura, utungamiriri Soviet, akatamira kuMoscow, anotya mukurwisa German musi Petrograd. Pashure kudzimwa chesungano akaita miganhu zvichemo vaionekwa ndedzenhema. Utungamiriri Soviet akapa kuvagari Caucasus nedzimwe nzvimbo vatora kusarudza muupenyu hwavo. Pakuvamba, September 20, 1918, chakabvaruka chikamu Brest rugare pamusoro Turkey.

Zvinonzi zvakazokonzerwa Brest rugare kusimbisa simba Lenin. The Bolsheviks vakatanga kumuratidza zvakatowanda chivimbo. Panoperera hondo yevagari 1922, akaisa mukati vazhinji Russian simba yeSoviet.