Dambudziko guru rezvitima muRussia uye USSR. Njodzi yemotokari pedyo neUfa (1989)

Njodzi dzemotokari dzinogara dzichitungamirira kumigumisiro inotyisa. Uye, nhamo, Russia, kufanana nedzimwe nyika, yakadzidza kakawanda chokwadi chemashoko aya. Nhoroondo yaro inogona kuyeuka kwete njodzi imwechete yenjodzi dzakaitika panzira dzenzira.

Makomo esimbi yakabvamburwa uye zviuru zvemazadziro akasvimha - ndizvo zvinosara mushure mekutambudzika kwakadaro. Uye zvakadaro, kushungurudzika kusinganzwisisiki kwevanaamai nemadzimai, avo vadikanwa vakabviswa nechiitiko chisingakanganwiki. Inenge dzose zviitiko zvezvitima uye njodzi dzakazara nazvo. Saka, ngatirangarirei njodzi dzakakura dzakaitika munharaunda yeU.SR neRussia, kuitira kukudza rangariro yeavo vakafira mavari.

Dambudziko Rakavanzwa Mukufambira Mberi

Apo ngarava dzekutanga dzakabuda, hakuna munhu akafunga nezvekutyisa kwezviitiko zvekutyaira. Uye kunyange mushure mokunge muFiladelphia muna 1815 mutambo wekutanga usingadziviriki wakatora vanhu 16, nyika yakati: "Chii chatingaita, dzimwe nguva zvinoitika?"

Uye ndezvechokwadi, nhasi zvakaoma kufungisisa zvikwereti zvinodzidzisa zvinounza muupenyu hwedu. Mushure mezvose, kuvonga kwavari, kufamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru dzeRussia hazvisati zvaita sezvisinganzwisisiki uye kwenguva yakareba, sepakutanga. Uye zvakadaro, munhu haafaniri kukanganwa kuti kufambira mberi kunounza kwete zvakanaka chete, asiwo kuparadza. Uye nyaya dzinotsanangurwa pasi apa ndeye uchapupu hwakananga.

Chombo chekutanga chinopinda muU.SR

1930 yakange iri kunyangadza kwevashandi vefodya. Chikonzero chezvizvi zviitiko zvikuru zviviri zvinoitika mairi. Pakazoitika, vagari venyika vakawanda vakatanga kutya kushandisa masangano e "steam cabs", kusarudza nzira dzakawanda dzekutendwa.

Saka, njodzi yekutanga yakaitika usiku hwe 7 kusvika ku8 September mumasango. Pachiteshi chePererva, pedyo neguta reMarino, chikwata chevanhu vaifamba nhamba 34 chikauya. Machinist Makarov, uyo akashandisa imba, akabva anyevera zviremera zvemasimiti kuti chimiro chayo chakanga chaparadzwa, uye akanga atomira kazhinji kuti agadzirise kusakosha.

Makarov akarayira kuti adzorere nzvimbo yake yevamwe kuitira kuti arege kunetseka. Zvisinei, chikumbiro chake hachina kuitwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, imwe chivako chakapiwa kupa kumubatsira, uyo aifanira kumudzivirira munzira. Zvinosuruvarisa, chisarudzo ichi hazvina kungowedzera kukanganisa dambudziko riripo, asi zvakare rakaunza migumisiro yakaipa.

Saka, paaidza kubuda pasi, ruzivo rwakasimbiswa rwakavhuna hukama hwose pakati pekambani uye mutyairi. Somugumisiro, injini yemhepo yakaramba ichienda mberi, uye motokari dzakaramba dzakamira. Uye zvose hazvizovi chinhu kana muparidzi asina kupa chirongwa chisati chaitika kune imwe chitima kuti asvike pachikuva.

Uye zvino gwara rinotevera ravatasvi vese vaviri vari vaviri vanomhanyira kuchikuva. Mamiriyoni mashoma chete kubva kuchipatara, mutyairi anoona motokari dzemotokari dziri munzira yake. Kunyange kubhururuka kwekukurumidzira hakubatsiri munguva yekumisa chitima. Gare gare, vanhu vanopfuura 40 vakakuvara, uye 13 vakafa panzvimbo iyi.

Kuwirirana kwechitima ine tram

Mugore rimwechete muSt. Petersburg, pane imwe njodzi. Panzira yechitima, pedyo negedhi reMoscow, motokari yekutakura, kutora shure, yakagumbusa tram inopfuura. Kubva pamigumisiro yemotokari yekupedzisira yakaputsika uye yakakotamira kune chikamu chevatakuri. Nhamo, panguva iyo vabati vemoto vaiuya vazhinji vevanhu vakanga vatofa.

Kufanana nedzimwe njodzi dzenzira, izvi zvakaitika nekuda kwekusawirirana kwemaitiro. Pashure pezvose, sekuongorora kwakaratidzwa, musi iwoyo chipinda chekudzivirira chakangoerekana charega kushanda, vashandi vaishanda nenzira vakanga vasina nguva yekuendesa miseve, uye mutyairi wezvitima akacherechedza kuti kuswedera kwekutyisidzira kwakapera.

Uye kukanganisa kwakadaro kusinganzwisisiki kwemamiriro ezvinhu kwakabvisa upenyu hwevanhu, uye 19 vapenyu vanenge vasara havana kumboshandisa maitirwo ezvekutakura vanhu.

Makorokari makuru ezvitima pashure pehondo

Kuguma kwehondo kwakaunza rugare kune Soviet Union. Maguta matsva nemakorokari akatanga kuvakwa pose pose, uye vatongi vokutanga veSiberia vakafamba rwendo rwavo runofadza, pamwe nechokufukidzira chakavharwa nechando. Mamiriyoni emakiromita emigwagwa akaiswa munzvimbo yose yenyika.

Asi mubayiro wekufananidzira kwakafanana kwakapfuurira mberi iyo yakawanda yezvitima inotyisa yakaitika mumakore ekupedzisira-hondo. Uye iyo yakaipisisa kwazvo yakaitika pedyo nechiteshi Drovnino, chiri munzvimbo yeMoscow.

Musi waAugust 6, 1952 chivako chekuvaka Nhamba 438 chaifanira kuendesa vatakuri varo kuMoscow. Zvisinei, nenguva dzinenge 2 dzemwedzi akabatanidzwa nebhiza rakayambuka rwizi. Pasinei nehope shoma yemhuka yacho, chikwata chakaburuka kubva kumapuranga ndokutora terese yacho yose.

Zvimwe motokari imwe neimwe yakafamba pasi pematenhe, ichipwanya mumwe nomumwe nechiremera. Apo vaponesi vakapinda panzvimbo yekuputsika, vakaona makomo esimbi yakagadzirwa yakavhara chetatu chevatakuri pasi payo. Uye avo vakapona, kwenguva yakareba vakabva pane kukuvadzwa kwakagadziriswa panguva yechipatara.

Maererano nehurumende, dambudziko rezvitima kuDotvnino rakatungamirira pakufa kwe 109, kukuvadzwa kwakagamuchirwa nevanhu 211. Kwenguva yakareba chiitiko ichi chaifungidzirwa kuti chakanyanya kukanganisa kwechitima muU.SR, kusvikira isati yavharwa nechishungurudzo chikuru.

Njodzi yefodya ye 1989

Sezvambotaurwa kare, chinokonzera njodzi dzakawanda kushamwaridzana kushamisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kana zvisingaiti kwavari, pamwe zvichida nyika ingadai isina kumbonzwa kurwadziwa kwakaunza nayo njodzi yezvitima pedyo neUfa (1989).

Uye izvi zvose zvakatanga musi waJune 4, 1989, neine marara emagetsi makiromita 10 kubva muguta reAchan. Yakave yakakonzerwa nehomwe duku mubhoipi, iyo yakazarura maminitsi makumi mana isati yaitika njodzi. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, kambani yegesi yaiziva pamusoro payo, sezvo zvigadzirwa zvairatidza kusvetuka muzvinetso mumapapipi zvisati zvaitika. Zvisinei, pachinzvimbo chekuvhara huni hwebhuruu, ivo vakangowedzera kuwedzera kwayo.

Nemhaka yeizvi, kuputika kwemhepo kunotanga kuwedzera pedyo nemigwagwa yezvitima. Uye apo pa1: 15:15 (nguva yekugara) vaviri vatengesi vezvitima vakapfuura apa, akazvidza. Kuputika kwakange kwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti kwakaparadzira ngoro dzose dzakapoteredza nzvimbo, sekunge dzisina kuverenga chero chinhu. Asi, kunyange zvakatoipisisa, ivhu rakanyorova mumagetsi rakaputika, sechiedza.

Zvinotyisa zvinokonzerwa nenjodzi iri pedyo neUfa

Kunyange vagari vomuAanchan, makiromita gumi nemana kubva panzvimbo yechiitiko chacho, vakakwanisa kunzwa simba rinoparadza rekuputika. Shongwe huru yemoto yakavhenekera denga usiku, uye vazhinji vakafunga kuti rocket yakanga yanyura ipapo. Uye ngaive ichingova chinhu chisingaoneki, chokwadi chakanga chisingatyi chinotyisa.

Apo vadzikinuri vokutanga vakasvika panzvimbo yekuputsika, vakaona nyika inopisa uye ngoro dzaipiswa pasi. Asi chinhu chakaipisisa chakanga chiri kunzwa mazwi evaya vaisagona kubva mumusungo unopisa. Kunyengetera kwavo nemisodzi zvakaramba zvichivhiringidza vadzikinuri kwemakore mazhinji usiku.

Somugumisiro, kunyange kuputika kukuru kwezvitima kwepasi kwakaratidza kusakosha mukuenzanisa nedambudziko iri. Mushure mezvose, vanenge 600 vanhu vakafa nemoto uye vanopisa, vazhinji vakakuvadzwa zvakakomba. Kusvikira ikozvino, dambudziko iri marwadzo mumoyo yevanhu vakarasikirwa mairi nehama dzavo neshamwari.

Njodzi dzakaitika pachitima mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe

Nekuwa kweSoviet Union, zviitiko zvezvitima muRussia hazvina kurega. Kunyanya, muna 1992 maiva nematambudziko makuru maviri, ayo akatora hupenyu hwakawanda hwevanhu pamwe navo.

Njodzi yekutanga yakaitika pakutanga kwaMarch, paVelikie Luki-Rzhev nzvimbo. Nemhaka yechando chikuru, chitimiso chekudzidzisa chitadza chakakundikana, uye mapoka maviri aya haana kungoziva nezvekusangana. Mushure maizvozvi, mutengesi wacho akapinda mumuswe wegucker akamira pamuchinjikwa. Somugumisiro, vanhu 43 havazombokwanisi kuona mhuri yavo zvakare, uye vanopfuura zana vanoramba vachikuvadzwa zvakakomba.

Mumwedzi mumwecheteyo, mutyairi anoshanyira Riga-Moscow haana hanya nemugwagwa wakanga wakarambidza kufamba kwemigwagwa, wakabatana nechitima chekutakura. Kuuraya kunouraya kwakaurayiwa vanhu 43, kusanganisira vatyairi vezvikwata zviviri.

Dambudziko remireniyamu itsva

Zvinosuruvarisa, asi kubudirira hakukwanisi kudzivirira vatakuri kubva pangozi. Njodzi dzemotokari muRussia dzinoitika kunyange nhasi, pasinei nekuvandudzika kwepasi pose kwehuchengetedzwa.

Saka, musi waJuly 15, 2014, imwe njodzi yakaitika muMetro Moscow. Paiyambuka gwara reVictory Park - Slavyanskiy Boulevard motokari yemagetsi yaitakura vaifamba kubva mumigwagwa. Somugumisiro, vanhu 24 vakafa, uye vanopfuura 200 vakakuvara.