Electronic hondo. The ichangoburwa Russian yakaoma yemagetsi hondo

Strategic Kuronga remapazi mauto akaita dzimbahwe mauto pachishandiswa zvekungofungira zvikuru zvinoverengeka. Izvi zvinosanganisira Sine quá asiri nomurayiro zivo operative kwezvakatipoteredza uye musono kupanana ruzivo. Kana asiri zvaidiwa vasingatsigiri izvi zviviri zvinodiwa, kunyange hondo simba kupfuura munyika, aine kuwanda yazvino uye vakagadzirira pamwe nemasoja vakasarudzwa, kushandurwa kuva vasingabatsiri revanhu, vakaremerwa semirwi chinyorwa simbi. Kugamuchirwa uye kupararira mashoko dziri kuitwa chinozoiswa achishandisa ubanguranyika, zvakawanikwa, uye kukurukurirana. About chokukuvadza muvengi radar ndokuparadza kukurukurirana ayo, hope dzose nzira. Zvinogona kuitwa pachishandiswa uye nzira zvigadzirwa zvehondo (EW).

nzira Early zvemagetsi countermeasures

Pangosvika zvemagetsi, zvakatanga achishandiswa kudzivirira madhipatimendi. Zvakanakira kukurukurirana pasina tambo yakaitwa Popov, pakarepo chaizvo Imperial Russian Navy. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika First mhepo mabiko uye kupararira mashoko akazara. Panguva iyoyo uye nzira zvigadzirwa zvehondo, asi kutya uye kwete chaizvo kutanga. Rokusika chipingaidzo ndege uye airships zvikanyauka kubva nekukwirira Reza aruminiyamu foil, vanoumba chipingamupinyi kwemutemo redhiyo mafungu. Chokwadi, nzira iyi payakaipira zhinji, akashanda kwenguva yakareba uye azere Kukurukura gwara hazvirevi bindepinde. Mumakore 1914-1918 yaitanga uye neimwe nzira inokosha EW, zvakajairika nguva yedu. The zvebasa signalers uye vasori vakapinda kuvhura kukurukurirana muvengi zvinokosha. Information nokukurumidza vakadzidza sei encrypt, asi kunyange tinyatsonzwisisa kusimba redhiyo akabvumira tsvimbo vaongorori kutonga woga.

Basa Information mu World

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II yemagetsi hondo yakapinda mutsva danho okukura. Simba Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye ndege Nazi Germany aida kupikiswa kunobudirira. In Britain US, nyika vakatarisana dambudziko norunyararo Atlantic Communications, vakatanga basa chakakura pakusikwa achishandisa vasabatwa kure nomumativi mhepo huru, zvikurukuru, Ndege uye zvombo Faa. Chenjera aiva mubvunzo nezvomukana achiongorora zvaive nemashoko vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa German. Pasinei anoshamisa kwemasvomhu vanoongorora uye kuvapo vamwe kubudirira, yemagetsi hondo vakava inoshanda chete pashure kubatwa zviri (anongoitika) muchivande muchina Engima. The ukoshi chaihwo kutsvakurudza mumunda tisare uye zvinodzongonyedza mashoko chivako muGermany muHondo Yenyika II uye havana kuwana, asi chiitiko akanga awana.

Army somunhu muviri mupenyu

MuHondo Yemashoko yemagetsi hondo yakatanga kutora chimiro, rakafanana ano pfungwa pavo. Muchiuto, kana ivo hunofananidzwa chipenyu muviri, vane kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati, uropi uye kuchengeteka masangano vaiita zvakananga moto nezvainoita muvengi. "Nzeve" uye "maziso" hondo - zvokuongorora, kuonekwa uye kuziva zvinhu zvinogona vangangokukuvadza kuchengetedzwa tactical kana zvine urongwa chechetere. Brain basa rinoitwa ne dzimbahwe. Kwazviri nokuda nhete "tsinga" kukurukurirana mugero muuto dzakabatana vakapiwa mirairo, zvinodiwa kuti aurayiwe. Kudzivirira ichi yose yakaoma ezvinhu ashandiswe matanho akasiyana-siyana, asi anoramba nyore. Chokutanga, muvengi nguva dzose anoedza kuputsa kudzorwa nokuparadza dzimbahwe. chinangwa chacho wechipiri kundoparadza ruzivo urongwa rinoreva (radar uye distal zvepamusoro vasabatwa). Chechitatu, kana pasina kutaurirana mugero kudzora mamiriro anorasikirwa functionality. The ano ezvinhu zvigadzirwa Hondo chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa izvi mabasa matatu uye basa iri kazhinji kwakaoma zvikuru.

Defense asymmetry

Hapana chakavanzika kuti uto bhajeti iri USA tichitarisa mari runopfuura Russia. Kuti abudirire svikira zvichibvira kutyisidzira nyika yedu ine kutora asymmetrical matanho nechokwadi zvakakodzera pamwero kuchengeteka yaisadhura nzira. Kubudirira mishonga rinotsanangurwa yepamusorosoro zvinogadzirisa kuti kusika hwokugadzira ezvinhu nokushandisa inonyanya kukuvadza pamusoro kurwisa pfungwa kwekushereketa ayo pangozi munzvimbo.

Mune Russian Federation, mumwe masangano vaitungamirira mubasa kukura zvigadzirwa Hondo KRET (Kunetseka "Radio-yemagetsi rwokugadzira"). The hwaro pakusikwa achishandisa kudzvinyirira yemakambani muvengi basa iri chaicho pfungwa youzivi. For vakabudirira mashandiro wegadziriro vanofanira kuona yokutanga zvinhu basa panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura kugadzira rechiuto kunetsana.

Ndechipi asiri simba chipingaidzo

Panguva ino pavaipfuura kusikwa zvakasikwa chipingaidzo, zvachose inosiya kupanana ruzivo, kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Zvikuru inoshanda pakaunda chiyero chingava gamha chiratidzo, nokududzirwa uye kwemashoko muvengi ari kururama chimiro. Hurongwa kwakadaro ane migumisiro zvigadzirwa zvehondo, akagamuchira kubva nyanzvi zita "asiri simba chipingaidzo." chiito chacho kunogona kutungamirira disorganization pamusoro noutsinye kudzora muchiuto vakakwana uye, sezvo zvakaguma avo zvizere kukundwa. nzira iyi, maererano vamwe, watopiwa kushandiswa muMiddle East kurwa, asi mukupera sixties uye mangwanani manonwe sero chawo EW midziyo haana kubvumira kuti vawane dzakakwirira kunyatsoshanda. Chipingaidzo iri kurapa emauto zviumbu nomuvengi kuitwa "manually". Nhasi, pane kurasira Russian yemagetsi zvehondo zviumbu vane digitaalinen rwokugadzira.

tactical rinoreva

Kuwedzera kune nyaya inokosha, mauto akamira nechemberi, vane kugadzirisa matambudziko tactical. Ndege inofanira kubhururuka pamusoro mwero muvengi kudzivirirwa mhepo kudzivirira zvombo. Zvinoita kuti vavape vakasununguka ndima pamitsetse yokuzvidzivirira? The pechiitiko, kwakaitika munguva wengarava muviri ari Black Sea (April 2014), anenge kunoratidza kuti ano Russian yemagetsi hondo zvinopa refu ndingangokuvara chinomuwana ndege, kunyange kana hunhu nhasi hachisisiri zvezvisarudzo mberi.

Bazi Defence achizvininipisa anodzivisa kupindura, asi American divi zvakaitwa kunonyatsoratidza. Normal - achirifananidza anofambisa - rakatenderedzwa chikepe, "Donald e" kupfeka bhomba Su-24 zvakakonzera kukundikana yose nhungamiro michina. Izvi duku sei kunzwisisa yemagetsi hondo "Khibiny".

Complex "Khibiny"

The Hurongwa, ainzi pashure pamakomo akatevedzana ari Kola Peninsula chitarisiko chinhu cylindrical mudziyo, iri yakaturikwa pamusoro mureza uto ndege pylon. Pfungwa rakasikwa munhu ruzivo pakaunda mari yakabuda munzvimbo yechipiri yezana manonwe. Defence vanotongwa vakagamuchira KNIRTI (Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute). Complex zvemagetsi hondo nezverairo ine zvingaenzana nemidhadhadha miviri, mumwe iro ( "Proran") anokonzera ungwaru mashandiro, uye mumwe ( "regatta") akaratidza kushingaira chipingaidzo. Operation dzakaguma zvinobudirira muna 1980.

The modules akagadzirirwa iiswe mberi-mutsetse murwi Su-27. Russian kunzwisisa zvemagetsi hondo "Khibiny" kunokonzerwa kubatanidza mashandiro zvose dzakabatana uye onai kuti vari chikwata basa pamwe onboard kwemashoko ndege.

Purpose kunzwisisa

Mudziyo L-175B ( "Khibiny") akagadzirirwa kuita zvakawanda kushanda, rinorondedzerwa so dzinokwana zvigadzirwa kudzvinyirira kuti muvengi mhepo kudzivirira basa.

The basa yokutanga kuti aifanira kugadzirisa zvokurwa mamiriro - iri zapelengovat inoda kufunga nemwaranzi kunobva. Zvadaro, kunoguma chiratidzo iri yakavhiringidzwa nechinangwa Detective kwokunetseka mutakuri ndege. Mukuwedzera, mudziyo anosika zvinhu kuti chitarisiko pamusoro radar chinovhara zvenhema huru, zvinoomesa kutsunga daro uye Coordonatele uye Zvinoipisisa mamwe pamutemo unongotaura.

Matambudziko kunobva muvengi mhepo kudzivirira hurongwa vari kuva zvokuti rakakura kuti hazvina zvakakodzera kutaura pamusoro kubudirira basa ravo.

Mazuvaano of "Khibiny"

Panguva yakapfuura kubva pokushandisa chigadzirwa L-175B, dhayagiramu ari mudziyo zvakaiswa pasi vazhinji kuchinja, rinotarisira kuwedzera hwokugadzira parameters uye zvinoderedza kukura uye uremu. Improvement mberi nhasi, subtleties vari akavanzwa, asi tinoziva kuti azvino seti zvigadzirwa hondo anogona kutakura boka kuchengetedza ndege kubva zvinokonzerwa Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa zvivako zvinogona muvengi sezvo huripo nhasi, uye zvinovimbisa. Modular kuvakwa kunosanganisira mukana kuwedzera cardinality uye ruzivo nezvaanogona, zvichienderana zvinodiwa tactical ezvinhu. Pakukurukura mudziyo inorangarira kwete chete mamiriro mhepo kudzivirira zvinogona muvengi, asi patinotarisira chiitiko mikana munguva yemberi iri pedyo (kusvikira 2025).

Wanda "krasukha EW hurongwa"

Electronic hondo nevarwi Russian Federation vachangotanga vakagamuchirwa ina Mobile yakatarwa zvigadzirwa zvehondo "krasukha EW mamiriro-4." Vane muchivande, pasinei nokuti pano wakaiswa mugadziriro zvakafanana chinangwa "krasukha EW mamiriro 2" vatova kushandiswa muuto kubvira 2009.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Mobile gadziriro vakasikwa Rostov Research Institute "Gradient", anobudiswa Nizhny Novgorod NGO "Quantum" ndokubhururuka pamusoro chassis BAZ-6910-022 (masere-vhiri, kure-mugwagwa). Maererano ayo musimboti kushanda ari Newest Russian kunzwisisa yemagetsi hondo "krasukha EW mamiriro" ndiyo chinoshingaira-pusa ezvinhu, kubatanidza ane apiwa akabuda remagetsi minda kunotangira okutanga yambiro tunonzwa (kusanganisira AWACS), uye pakusika vanoshingaira achitaura chipingaidzo. Havana unyanzvi mashoko hadzina aidzivisa usabuda kuti vezvenhau ruzivo pamusoro anonakidza yaibvira zvakaoma EW, ane basa iri "anopenga" kudzora mamiriro ose unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari uye zvinoriumba aiming zvinogona muvengi zvombo.

Zvakavanzwa shure chidzitiro chakavanzika

Nezvikonzero pachena, mashoko pamusoro nokurondedzerwa azvino Russian yemagetsi hondo hurongwa vari akavanzwa. Dzimwe nyika vari kwete kukurumidza kugoverana zvakavanzika zviri kuitika izvi, izvo zvachose kuitwa. Zvisinei, kutonga mwero unoda imwe kudzivirira kupfurikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu uchapupu zvemichina richiri zvinobvira. Kusiyana inokosha renyukireya zvombo ari kubudirira chiri nani chete zvokufungidzira uye kuti dzokufungidzira pachisara EW midziyo inogona kuedzwa pasi ezvinhu sezvo pedyo kurwisa, uye kunyange kurwisa chaiye chaizvo, kunyange zvinogona vavengi, sezvakaitika muna April 2014. Nepo pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti eRussia yemagetsi hondo umo zvakafamba hauzokundikani.