Kanyuk (shiri): tsanangudzo, mifananidzo. Chii chinodyiwa mutsva?

Iwe unofunga kuti ndiani ari buzzard? Zvinosangana nemamwe mabhiza, handizvo here? Zvose zvakafanana chero chipi zvacho chausingafungi! Kanyuk inopisa nyama. Kutaura nokutaura, iyi haisi iyo imwe shiri imwe, asi iyo yose iri pasi. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura shiri idzi zvakadzama nemuenzaniso webuzzard, kana sapper.

Ndivanaani mabhudhi?

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, ornithologists anodana mhirizhonga ye subfamily (genus) yezvisikwa zvinodya zvinomiririra mhuri yevanga. Masayendisiti vachiri kugadzirisa shiri idzi, vachizviunganidza, sezvavanotaura, zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokudaro, kusarudzwa kwebuzzards kunogara kuchichinja. Semuenzaniso, kwete kare kare, iyi mhuri yakabatanidza gira re shiri, iyo yaimbove inowanzogoverwa kune imwe mhuri yakasiyana yeeagles.

Kuparadzirwa

Shiri inodya nyama inopararira muEurope, uyewo muAsia. Nzvimbo dzawo dzinofarira nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, dzakasungwa kubva kuchamhembe neActic Circle, uye kubva kumaodzanyemba nedenga risina maturo reCentral and Middle Asia neIran. Sezviri pachena, mararamiro ekuparidzirwa kwezvikara izvi kubva kuNyika Yekare inosiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa.

Kanyuk inyoni inodada!

Pasinei nezita rayo risina kujeka, buzzard yakajairika, kana sarych-shiri haisi nyore nyore uye kwete kunyanya-kudya. Izvi zvinodada zvinomiririra mhuri yevanga. Kanyuka haikwanisi kunzi shiri yakangofamba- famba, nokuti kudada nesimbi kutsungirira hazvibvumiri makororo aya kutya kutonhora uye, sechikonzero, inofamba kumaodzanyemba. Ikufamba kune imwe chete subspecies yezvisikwa - sarych duku. Kubva pakati penharaunda yenyika yedu shiri idzi dzinoenda kumaodzanyemba kweAsia neAfrica.

Kuonekwa

Kanyuk inyoni yakakura yepakati. Kureba kwomuviri wake kunosvika kubva pa50 kusvika ku 58 masentimita. Mapapiro anogona kusvika mamita matatu. Chienzanisa ichi chinodya kubva ku 450 magamu kusvika ku 1.4 kilogram. Kusiyana nemamwe mhuka dzakawanda, mhodzi dzevakadzi, sekutonga, dzakakura kudarika varume muhukuru hwavo. Mavara e shiri idzi anosiyana. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu vane fewn feathers, vamwe vane ruvara rwemavara.

Nenzira, sarych inonongedzwa nyore nyore nehama yake yepedyo - buzzard buzzard kana hama yepedyo-chikafu chinowanikwa. Nzvimbo dzokupedzisira shiri dzinowanzokopa ruvara rwebubudi kuitira kuti dzizvidzivirire kubva kune vavengi vavo - goshawks. Zvitsva zviduku, sekutonga, zvine mavara akasiyana-siyana. Heino mhando yemabzzard yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana-siyana! Inzwi remakororo aya ane mapapiro rine nyuchi dzisina kufadza dzomumvura, dzinofungidzirwa nekucheka kwemafu.

Colors of the Buzzards

Zvino ngatinyatsocherechedza kuiswa kwezvisikwa izvi. Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, ruvara rwemhenga yavo rinogona kunge rwakasiyana zvachose. Ornithologists vanocherechedza kuti zvinenge zvisingabviri kuona mabhiridi maviri akafanana muzvisikwa! Imwe sarychi yakavezwa muvaravara kana mavara machena uye inoputika pamiswe yawo. Kunewo shiri dzakadaro, dzine mushure uye chifukidzo zvine tsvina-maronda. Panguva imwecheteyo, dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri dzakavezwa mujimu-ruvara rwemavara uye dzakasvibiswa nemasikati.

Muzvisikwa, zvitsvuku zvitsvuku sarychs pamwe chete nematombo madema uye mutsara unobuda mutsara unosvikawo. Asi iyo mutsara wemaruzhinji haigone. Ngatidzokesei, buzzard - shiri kwete kungozvidzivirira chete, asiwo yakawanda-mavara! Semuenzaniso, dzimwe shiri dzakasvibirira makumbo makumbo, mhepo yakachena yakisi uye chine rima remuromo wavo. Iyo cornea yakaita ruvara rwebhuruvara-ruvara rwemuvara, iyo inova giraza nemakore. Muvakidzani wakadaro usingawaniki.

Chii chinonzi sarych chinodya?

Sezvo mhashu dziri zvikara, kudya kwezvokudya zvavo kunoderedzwa kuva mhuka yekudya: voles, pasi squirrels, rats, marara, shiri duku, nezvimwewo. Ornithologists vakaona kuti pane dzimwe nguva mabuzi anowanzogona kudya pazvinyorwa (zvitunha zvemhuka). Uyewo sarychi inodya hamsters, matatya uye kunyange mabhonji maduku. Kakawanda kunorwisa nyoka.

Kuti udye imwe kana imwe imwe mhuka, mutongi uyu anoda kuvhima oga munzvimbo dzakasununguka. Kuti uite izvi, shiri yacho inogona kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma mumhepo kwemaawa kana kutovhima kubva kune vavandiri kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Pamwechete, mhezi ipi neipi inowana nenzira iyi nenzira yake. Iyo shiri, tsanangudzo yatiri kurangarira pano, yakasiyana nemafambiro ayo chaiwo.

Maitiro uye mararamiro

Vamiririri vevana vaduku, kana rudzi rwebuzzard vanogona kuonekwa nehupenyu hwavo hwekudyara. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muSarych. Kazhinji anodonha uye anonyorera pasi pake pachake paw. Masayendisiti anotaura kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu aya mapenzi anoita zvinhu zviviri panguva imwe chete: vanozorora uye vanotarisa zvakasimba nokuda kwezvakapambwa zvavo, vachitarisa zvakatarisana nemunharaunda.

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, buzzard - shiri inokura. Izvi zvinotamba kwenguva yakareba uye hazvishamisi zvachose. Mushure mekutarisa chero ipi neipi kana gorosi squirrel, sapper inowira pasi nedombo, ichiomesa mapapiro ayo kumutumbi. Kuti urege kuputsa pasi, shiri yacho inoparadzira mapapiro ayo pakarepo nyika isati yasvika, inobhururuka munzvimbo yakadaro kune imwe nzvimbo, shure kwaizvozvo kubviswa kwacho kwakashata.

Kanyuk inyoni, kuchema kwayo hakugoni kuvhiringidzika nemumwe munhu wese. Kushora uye kwenguva refu "meow" - iyo "kadhi" yevapambi ava vane mapatya! Nenzira, vadzidzisi vemitauro vanotenda kuti shoko rechiito rokuti "kanjuchit" rakabva nenzira yakarurama kubva pamagetsi, kuti ataure mazwi avo emvura: kana, somuenzaniso, mwana anonyengedza vabereki vake kwenguva refu uye zvakanyanya, zvinowanzoti anouraya.

Kubereka

Nguva yekukwirirana inotanga pakupera kwaApril. Kufanana nezvimwe zvipenyu zvakawanda, varume vanorwira nzvimbo yevakadzi. Zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakakonzerwa zvakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwezvitsva zvitsva kana kusimbiswa kwekare. Kazhinji dendere rayo riri panzvimbo yakakwirira mamita matanhatu kusvika pamasere kumusoro kwepasi. Pedyo nemasitadhi ndizvo chaizvo zvinotapira kana kuti coniferous miti. Kazhinji masonry mu sarych ane ma 4-5 mazai emucheka wakajeka nemavara mavara.

Nasizhivaniyu anobata nevakadzi chete. Vanhurume panguva imwe chete vanounza zvokudya. Nguva yekuvhara mazai inopedza mwedzi. Mhuka dzechidiki dzinoberekwa pakutanga kwezhizha. Ikoko hutsva hutsva hwakasungwa huri huputirwa mujeri fluff. Vabereki vose vari kuvadyisa kwemwedzi miviri. Pakupedzisira kweAgasti, mahokwe anotanga hupenyu huri kuzvimiririra. Izvo zvinoda kuziva kuti kana, nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe kana chimwe, mhuru yekutanga haina kuitika, vakadzi vezvikwata zvinowanzogona kuisa imwezve masonry kwekanguva pasina kushanda nesimba.

Lifespan

Kazhinji vamiririri vedzimba dzemabzzards musango vanorarama kusvika makore makumi maviri nemaviri. Nguva yakareba yehupenyu hwavo ndeye makore makumi matatu.

Chii chinobatsira sarych?

Chirungu chakanaka - shiri inobatsira. Kwezuva rimwe iyo inodya kusvika kumakororo maduku makumi matatu. Kana iwe ukashandura kukosha kwechikafu kune dzimwe nhamba dzakakomba, iwe uchawana anenge 11 000 rutsanga pagore. Pasina mubvunzo, mhombwe ane nzara saka anobatsira zvikuru zvakatipoteredza uye zvekurima, sezvo inoparadza mhuka dzinokuvadza. Nenzira, kana pane dzakawanda mutsva, sarychs inowanzorega kuteerera kune dzimwe mhuka. Ndiye mubatsiri anobatsira-uyu bhudhiard!

Iyo shiri (mifananidzo inowanikwa munyaya yacho) inowanzozivikanwa pakati peannithologists uye vanyengeri kwete kungova murwi wenyama, asiwo seurayi weyoka! Zvinosuruvarisa, zvisikwa hazvina kubhadhara shiri idzi nekudzivirira kubva kune uturu hwemhondi. Nokudaro, dzimwe nguva nyoka nemhezi zvinoparadza mumwe.

Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva dzakawanda mhombwe ane feza achiri kutora kukunda kubva muhondo iyi yakaipa. Ornithologists vanoti hushingi hwakadaro uye unyanzvi huripo kune vose vamiririri veBuzard genus. Mukutapwa, shiri idzi dzinoratidza hunyengeri hunyengeri.