Kazakhstan: zvicherwa munyika, zvavo. Mhangura zvicherwa zviri Kazakhstan

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, meso ose vakaomerera Russia. Asi kana ukachenjerera kudzidza mepu, unogona kuona kuti mundima iyoyo yakanga kunyange mumwe guru mamiriro, achitora repfumbamwe nzvimbo munyika chepamusoro kunyika kupfuura - Kazakhstan.

The zvikamu zviviri zvenyika

Zita ehurumende akapa shoko "Kazakh", iro rine Turkish mavambo uye zvinoreva yakafanana kusiyana kwayo Russian "Cossack" - ". Akasununguka" Free vanhu vaiva nzvimbo famba, nekuti kunyange kubva pari kupfuura mamiriyoni 2,7 mativi makiromita munyika nzvimbo iri kupfuura makumi mana kubva muzana irenje. Uye kana tichifungidzira munhu Semi-renje, ipapo ichi nharaunda dzinenge pasingagarwi anopindura anenge makumi matanhatu muzana Kazakhstan.

mamiriro ichi - rimwe mashoma ane ndima iri muzvikamu zviviri nyika - Europe uye Asia. Recently kusabvumirana kuitika mune tsanangudzo miganhu yenyika. Kana yapfuura muganhu wavhomorwa ichitevedza Ural River, asi zvino mamwe masayendisiti dzinobvuma kuti zvakakosha kuti idzokere zvakawanda Makomo Ural. Chero mabhuku kana kutora, chero miganhu pakati dzenyika kuita, ndizvo guru chikamu Kazakhstan ari Asia, uye duku - mu Europe.

Pakutanga, vakawanda akanga zvikuru wacho Kazakhs. Asi sezvo Soviet Union, kana paiva vakawanda yokutama vanogara munyika - the kubvisa of Great Patriotic War, kuvandudzwa mhandara nyika - madzinza Zvinoumba kuti State vawana-siyana. Zvikurukuru zvakawedzera aibuda vanotama, pavakaona guru deposits pamusoro chicherwa pfuma Kazakhstan. Uye kukura deposits dzavo rakauya Soviet indasitiri zvinodiwa.

Periodic Table mu muura

In mazwi inoongorora Kazakhstan akapfuma chicherwa kupfuma. In pakadzika wehurumende ichi chakavanzika rinenge rose periodic table. Mazana kukwana zvine maatomu akafanana Akaongorora deposits makumi manomwe. Panguva kugadzirwa chete makumi matanhatu vavo uchifamba panguva akurumidze. Izvi zvinobetsera nzvimbo munyika pamwe zvinhu zvinofanira dzakasiyana-siyana Geological hurongwa iri ndima kudaro. Uye ndiye Geological mamiriro akanga hwaro nokuti zvicherwa muKazakhstan dziri zvinenge zvakananga mhiri kumatunhu munyika. To musi, pane minda anenge mazana mashanu kuti ane anopfuura chiuru siyana zvicherwa. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti pakutanga nzvimbo yaimbova Soviet Union kumufambira kukura zvinhu munyika dzakasiyana. Naizvozvo zvikuru mumatanda vamwe pfuma Kazakhstan vaiva munzira dzakawanda kwete yakatanga.

Northern ndima

Nyika Northern Kazakhstan ndiyo musimboti resimbi esimbi indasitiri, kushumira seinokonzera mbishi zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa aruminiyamu nendarama. Matura magnetite ores uye burozheleznyakovyh mabhiriyoni ematani. Uye iye kuchera munzvimbo iri refu nguva. Dzakabudirira zinc angu uye kupfuura mune yaimbova Soviet Union asbestos deposits. Kunze apa, zvicherwa Northern Kazakhstan - chinokosha deposits pakati ores rurefu zviri nickel, cobalt, tini, tantalum, uye titanium, asi ivo vari kukura pachikuva achiri. Mutsara mumwechetewo - tariro pakukura - unoshandawo rakasiyana dhipoziti kuti maindasitiri mangoda. Ndinofara chete yokuti mugodhi haina chando, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga kuti akaziva. Somuenzaniso, akatanga kukura ores akapfuma zingi, mumunda Shaimerden.

Dzokumabvazuva

Mineral pfuma East Kazakhstan dzinoturwa anonyanya polymetallic ores. Izvi ainyanya mutobvu zinc, pamwe nayo mhangura zvikaramba kubva mhangura, uye anokosha nendarama uye Platinum zvinhu. nzvimbo idzi kupfuura makumi mana muzana nehwemweya of Kazakh goridhe. Uyezve, zvinhu unokurudzira kuti huru Kazakh reserves kumabvazuva titanium ores kwete chete Akaongorora, asiwo akatanga kugadzirwa.

Central Kazakhstan

Coal nembiya munyika iri akakurumbira kunyanya Central Kazakhstan. Zvicherwa zviri kunze hwakasimba kabhoni - mhangura iyi yakakwirira zviri manganese, tungsten, molybdenum. Border kumatunhu nyika zvikuru kwakajairika. Central nharaunda iri kubatana nedzimwe nharaunda, saka reserves mutobvu zinc, izvo dziri huru kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva Kazakhstan vane deposits pakati munyika.

South Kazakhstan

Southern nyika vanoparadzaniswa dzimwe kumatunhu ehurumende, kunyange musimboti, gwenga. Naizvozvo, vane dzakasiyana, kusafanana nedzimwe nzvimbo Kazakhstan, deposits. Deposits kuti uranium exchange esimbi kumaodzanyemba nyika ndiyo yechipiri pakukura munyika, nekurangarira kuti anopfuura makumi maviri muzana zvenyika reserves. Ivo vakava inonyanya ano nzira - ne mu-situ leaching. Kunze uranium exchange mhangura, kumaodzanyemba kuKazakhstan ndiyo inozivikanwa dombo phosphate deposits.

dzokuMadokero

Zvinenge zvose yeHydrocarbon Matura riri pamusoro nyika Western Kazakhstan. Uyezve, mafuta kwakachengetwa nyika pakati pamusoro dhazeni wenyika inoti munyika, uye gasi reserves - pamusoro maviri. Kunze Mahydrocarbon, kumavirira uye zvikaramba potassium munyu pamusoro Boron uye wakasununguka chromite.

Vatungamiri venyika

Kusiyana Geological hurongwa zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti kana totaura pamusoro Kazakhstan, chicherwa pfuma yacho, akambonyora: mune dzimwe nzvimbo anogara ari kutungamirira nzvimbo munyika. Naizvozvo hapana zvinoshamisa pakuti munyika ino iri kupfuura nyika matura ores ine zingi, tungsten, barite. nzvimbo yechipiri muna sirivha nyika, kutungamirira uye chromite. Kazakhstan pakati pamusoro nyika masimba mashanu hukuru esimbi ine mhangura, molybdenum, ndarama, uye fluorite. Asi kana imi utevere zvoupfumi tinyatsonzwisisa kushandisa chicherwa pfuma, chinonyanya kukosha kuti upfumi mamiriro achava marasha uye mafuta.

marasha kuchera

Pakutanga, chikuru chinogona of Kazakhstan akaita marasha. wakakurumbira kukura (nokuda hove okuti) kuKaraganda kwakaitika somugumisiro zvinodiwa muduku Soviet mamiriro ari marasha. Unpopulated nzvimbo panguva Central Kazakhstan vakanga Akaongorora pamberi marasha negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, asi misha vashandi yokutanga 'akazviratidza pano chete mukutanga maviri. Asi kuti kushingaira kukudziridza kuKaraganda marasha bheseni kwakatanga thirties remakore rapfuura, apo nyika yakanga kuona kusachengeteka kukuru kudiwa huni uye pakugadzira zvinhu nokuda simbi indasitiri. Pashure pezvose, dzemo marasha coking, zvichiguma yepamusoro uye iri kudiwa ari indasitiri. Naizvozvo, chepakutanga pre-hondo kuchera muKazakhstan wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika marasha chizvarwa. Munguva vanoshingaira kukura marasha kuchera ari zvikuru kuchamhembe kumatunhu kusango burozheleznyakovyh ores. Izvi zvakanga pakatangira kukurumidza kukura metallurgia bhizimisi pamusoro Kazakhstan. Pari, akawana kuKaraganda marasha bheseni 80 coalbed 120 metres gobvu uye mugaba bhiriyoni 45 matani. nzvimbo yake dziri munzvimbo nhatu nechepakati nzvimbo munyika. Coal kuchera zvakare kuitwa muna Ekibastuz marasha bheseni.

Mahydrocarbon

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union - enyika vaitungamira mafuta uye gasi kubva pasi - zhinji nyika post-Soviet dzave novimba Russia, nekuti izvi Mahydrocarbon reserves akaparadzirwa vanoiswa munyika. Asi havana kunyimwa Kazakhstan. Zvicherwa ine Mahydrocarbon, muna rekuUnited States rakawandisa. Wechipiri pambiru kwazvo reserves, uye vamwe - negasi. Asi kukura yaingowanikwa mafuta uye gasi maindasitiri mune yaimbova Soviet Union munzira mbiri zvakakanganisa indasitiri panguva rusununguko Kazakhstan. Kune rumwe rutivi - akapfuma dhipoziti. Maererano mafuta reserves norudo dzenyika, Kazakhstan ari kutungamirira pose boka, une anenge maviri muzana rose vachiongorora deposits zvibereko panyika, riri pamusoro mabhiriyoni mana matani. Zvishoma zvishoma kupfuura negasi reserves Kazakhstan: mu chikamu tichitarisa munyika yose - vanenge rimwe muzana, riri mabhiriyoni maviri cubic metres. Ukuwo, pane pfungwa dzokubudisa Union mafuta Siberian uye gasi kwakakonzera kuti nhungamiro muKazakhstan akanga asingasviki dzakabudirira pane ari pedyo mamiriro.

mhangura chicherwa

Mhangura zvicherwa zvinowanzoshandiswa Kazakhstan. Mumatanda kuti simbi esimbi vari kusimbiswa kuchamhembe munyika ehurumende, apo pane kusvikira makumi masere nezvishanu kubva muzana zvachose reserves munyika. Vamwe mhangura deposits zvokuti yakakwirira kuti simbi tigutsikane mavari mukuru mumwe hafu pesimbi. Asi vanhuwo Kazakh mhangura dzokubudisa risina anopfuura makumi mana kubva muzana simbi.

Makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe kubva muzana chromium deposits riri kurutivi rwezasi atevere Ural makomo, izvo zita muna Kazakhstan Mugodzhary. State rinoratidza wechipiri munyika tichitarisa chromite migodhi.

Manganese mhangura omunharaunda deposits, iyo wezvakanyatsoitika Vhoriyamu Kishi wechipiri, vane kusvika 27% of simbi tigutsikane.

Copper kuchera munyika iri kuitwa minda (Zhezkazgan, Orel, Nicholas) kwenguva refu, iyo hunokonzera kwavo zvishoma nezvishoma okuneta. Saka, zvose zvinoitwa nokuda nokutumwa pakukura mutsva Eastern Kazakhstan. Panguva iyoyowo kutsvaka ores mhangura vakatakudzwa kubva muna Central uye Western kumatunhu munyika.

Zvakare, kana pamusoro pezvatinotaura Kazakhstan, nyika zvicherwa zvine ndarama, kucherechedza kuti pagadzirwe inokosha simbi akatanga kwemasanga chete chinhu kukura polymer ores. Zvino goridhe budiriro chiri kuitwa 16 kumatunhu munyika. Akaongorora pamwe 190 minda, uye mune reserves nendarama Kazakhstan pokutanga cheshanu munyika. Zvino kushanda mumigodhi goridhe kunotsigirwa goridhe pamusoro inotevera hafu remakore.

nonmetallic chicherwa

Mineral pfuma Kazakhstan hakugumiri ores uye marasha. Hurumende iri vakapfuma asbestos deposits zvakawanda zviri riri Zhetygarinskom uye Zhezkaganskom minda. Uyezve, munda kumaodzanyemba Mugodzhar akapfuma maatomu akafanana izvi, kunyange zvishoma kuzviita yakatanga.

Mining mabasa Kazakhstan yekudyidzana muhurukuro kubviswa mirayiridzo kubva muura enyika phosphate. Mumatanda zviri phosphorus zvinhu kumaodzanyemba nyika yechipiri munyika kubudikidza bhuku, uye zviri chikuru chigadzirwa vari unmatched.

Kunze izvi nonmetallic okunze ari pakati reCaspian mwoyo Kazakhstan padzakacherechedza kumboitika mumatanda munyu. Separate inobereka munyu-strata kupfuura makiromita maviri.

Nokupfupikisa zvose pamusoro apa, tinoona kuti nyika akapfuma deposits siyana. Zvicherwa of Zimbabwe Kazakhstan vane chemhando yepamusoro. Zvinosuruvarisa magadzirirwo kwavo hapasi vakaramba panguva yakakodzera chechetere. A mukuru kukosha kuti upfumi ehurumende ane marasha migodhi, mafuta uye gasi.