Kildin Island. The Sea Barents. Lake Mogilnoye musi Kildin Island

Kwakakwidibira dombo yakakura, chirefu pamusoro Sea Barents, Kildin chitsuwa - Zvaifadza chakavanzika zvakasikwa. Munzvimbo ino yose kujairika, kubva vagere, mazita, nhoroondo kusimudzira vanhu kuti zvemaumbirwo, nzvimbo uye gungwa Mogilnoye.

Location chitsuwa

Kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva weGungwa Barents, makiromita mashomanana kubva napanobudiwa napo kuti Kola Bay ndiye Kildin. Kwetarisiro ibwe murwi iri panguva mharadzano mikuru gungwa migwagwa, kusiya kubva Murmansk. Mumwe wavo anoenda kuburikidza dzekuma Scandinavia kuEurope, wechipiri - kusvikira Sea White. Ndicho Chitsuwa, vakagara pedyo Murmansk pamhenderekedzo, iri unocheka neDare Kola Peninsula.

Island History

Muna 1809, Chirungu freebooters veropa vaGiriki sacked chitsuwa Kildin nani mumusasa, kwakavakirwa ayo nemumakomo rwenze. Yakaparadzwa Nzvimbo akatendeuka ari kwenguva refu ari mhuka nzvimbo yerenje. Kubvira ipapo, bande chacho kusvikira kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva, apo pakapinda nyika, cape uye dziva rine zita raro - muSheori. Muzana XIX remakore, isu yakatanga kukura chirongwa mawere utsinye chinzvimbo, chitsuwa yakanga yava guta guru. Zvisinei, hapana chinhu chakadaro chakaitika.

Ini kugara pachitsuwa vaviri vechiduku Norwegian Eriksen. zvizvarwa vatatu mhuri Eriksen iri yose vakagara pachitsuwa anenge makore 60. At mambakwedza XX remakore vepurovhinzi mubasa kukura Kildin kwezvivako, bhizimisi yekutenga yakawanda inivhesitimendi.

Munguva imwe chete pane vakawana zororo Social Democrats, kuratidza vabati vehove. Vakashandisa Kildin chitsuwa sezvo dzaifanoiswa pfungwa. Vakaunzwa pano zvisiri pamutemo mabhuku enyika kubva Norway, aida kuendeswa Arkhangelsk.

Hurumende wechiduku Soviet nokushingaira rakatanga kukura matombo rwenze. Munguva pfupi panguva dzinotaurwa pamusoro yakasimbiswa mumabhizimisi. Paiva nenzvimbo cooperatives hove, ayodhini chirimwa, Pestsovoye makushe mapurazi uye nemamwe masangano. Isati hondo yose vagere vakagara Murmansk mudunhu. mhuri Eriksen vaidzvinyirirwa. The chitsuwa yakava inokosha uto jeri.

War Nguva chiwi kwaifanira refu kusvikira 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Ndima yayo iri akashongedzerwa nekuonekwa mbiru, pfungwa kunyorerana, mhepo kuzvidzivirira chombo mugadziriro, kumuganhu pambiru. It Uchadyara zvomumvura mabhatiri, chombo hondo, mufudzikadzi pakusika zvakakodzera kwezvivako.

Nhasi, tsama vagari asi vashoma zvemauto uitore Kildin Island. Photo kuratidza yake kwazvo nharaunda nevanhu, matongo expanses kuti unoshungurudzika zvasara aimbova UKURU - rechiuto michina simba, zvivako hofisi uye dzimba dzinogarwa.

Description pachitsuwa chacho

Maererano Geological nemamiriro chitsuwa Kildin rinenge kusiyana yakaoma. Nzvimbo Its yakasiyana chaizvo zviri pamusoro Kola Peninsula. Ari makomo, aine zvinyoronyoro dzakatenuka kuti vari pano uye ipapo flecked pamwe chikwindi uye rekushongedzesa. Kubva kumavirira nokumusoro kwemhenderekedzo zvayo yakakwirira pamawere uye precipitous. North nemhenderekedzo kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira yakawedzera kureba.

Pazasi rakadzika canyon, uyo akatora chikamu okumusoro-okumabvazuva nzvimbo, Creek runoyerera. On mawere kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba nenhongonya cascading nemapopoma. In rwezasi-kumabvazuva echitsuwa chacho zvakanga yakadonha nyore bay. Zvikepe, wakati apinda sepulchral mhenderekedzo zvakasimba kubhengi racho zvitsigiso.

Barents rwendo, kuvhura Bay kuSheori muna 1594, akariparadza pamepu. Varanda Solovetsky yemamongi kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo Fisheries ine anopfuura maviri emakore (17-18 emakore). Just kumabvazuva Bay nhema dziva Mogilnoye.

Biota

Pachitsuwa kwakawanda eshiri, pakati izvo avo kuti akarongwa sezvo pangozi. Seagulls, Buzzards, shiri, duck uye polar namazizi inogarwa chitsuwa Kildin. The Barents Sea - nzvimbo pamusoro Dolphins, beluga hove huru, muurayi hove huru. Mariri vanowanikwa shoals pamusoro herring, cod, halibut uye Catfish. On kumiganhu dzinoronga chisimbiso rookeries uye zvisimbiso. In mvura yenzizi Zarubihi, Tipanovki uye Klimovka avhiringidze Sarimoni Salmon uye neArctic kwaIsakari.

On Kildin akasangana hares, makava uye mashava nemapere. On nyika ake kukura endemic - golden mudzi (Rhodiola rosea). Pakutanga, kunenge kuti miti pamusoro nemumakomo rwenze vasipo. Asi zvinokosha kunyatsoongorora - kuonekwa sezvo pakati rekushongedzesa kusingaperi mutsetse ndichisveerera Birch yakasindimara zvipfupi miti, yaiteverwa pamwe clumps kuti the willow kutumbuka haawanzotauri vawedzere kusvikira ibvi kukwirira.

nyanza Mogilnoye

Zvuru zviviri apfuura pachitsuwa vakaumba kujairika relict mudhamu. Unique nyanza musi Kildin Island chakaumbwa akawanda akaturikidzana mvura. Bottom rukoko - akafa mapazi ose inoparadza rehydrogen sulfide. Top - kunobva mvura yakachena. The pakati Chikamu dura izere mvura munyu uye zvomugungwa. The pakati rukoko yaiva yokugara zvisingawanzoitiki endemic Odha mutated hove - Kildin cod, pasi kudzivirirwa Red Book of Russian Federation.

Pakati rezasi uye pakati sulfide munyu, "uriri" ndiyo marongera - mvura, ruvara Cherry ruvara. It dzepepuru utachiona vagere - mhenyu impermeable chipingamupinyi kukwanisa kuyeuka uye kupinza munhu inouraya gasi. Kana pakarepo kwemabhakitiriya inonyangarika mugungwa, rehydrogen sulfide vachatanga kumuka muimba akaturikidzana, akashandura dziva kupinda isingagariki nzvimbo.

Unique nyika chinzvimbo dziva iri risingaenzaniswi, kunyange kuverengwa pakati yeUnited dzinongoitika pazvivako, zvisikwa dziviriro mabasa kuidzivirira kunosiya zvakawanda anodikamwa. Maererano masayendisiti, Kildin Island, Lake Mogilnoye - kakasaririra dzinongoitika nzvimbo kodzero yokunyanyofungwa, kutarisirwa uye kumwe kutsvakurudza.

Features mudziva

The relict dhamu makarekare yaiva chikamu Sea Barents. It rakaumbwa nokuti kuti gungwa mumhenderekedzo kumusoro. Waters akagwadamira munzvimbo 96000 ^m2. Akazotizira asvika 560, uye noupamhi 280 metres. Kusimba kwegungwa ane segirazi munyoro mvura anoenda 17 mamita.

Hydrochemical nengaidzo pakati manyoro uye munyu rukoko anodzokororwa nokuti mvura seeping kubva kuGungwa Barents kuburikidza Isthmus renyika, akaparadzanisa gungwa kubva munyanza. mugodhi upamhi - 70, nekukwirira - 5.5 metres. Repamusoro aqueous rukoko zvakadzama 5 metres desalinate pamusoro sediments zvakasimba.

The mudziva iri dzinounzwa zvikamu zvina akasiyana mune mwero salinity. Water vagari anogara vokutanga matatu akaturikidzana. Vanowanikwa yakachena rukoko rotifers uye copepods. Marine mvura inogarwa muramba, crustaceans uye gungwa kodhi. In silnosolenoy mvura akagadzirisa dzepepuru utachiona, nokukurumidza kusunungura rehydrogen sulfide chepasi "paburiro" upenyu pamusoro dura.