Krebs kutenderera - huru matanho uye zvinorehwa nokuti utachiona gadziriro

Unorema carbon kwemakemikari simba asunungurwa pasi Kurovedza ezvinhu chokuita oxygen. The Krebs kutenderera inonziwo cucumber iine acid kutenderera, kana sero afemeruke. In decoding munhu zvinoitwa kwacho yakanga wakapindwa nemasayendisiti akawanda: A. Szent-Gyorgyi, A. Lehninger, X. The Krebs kutenderera ndiro zita rakapiwa, SE Severin nevamwe.

Pakati Kurovedza uye anaerobic nokuputsika makabhohaidhiretsi pane pedyo correlative ukama. Chokutanga, chinotaurwa pamberi pyruvic acid, riri apedza anaerobic kugayiwa makabhohaidhiretsi uye anotanga cellular afemeruke (Krebs kutenderera). Both maitikiro vari catalyzed ne imwe enzayemu. Makemikari simba aburitswa phosphorylation, Makaichengeterwa sezvo macroergs ATP. The nemakemikari zvinobatanidzwa ndiwo coenzymes chete (ZWL, NADP) uye cations. Kusiyana ndeinotevera: kana anaerobic nokuputsika makabhohaidhiretsi runonyanya vemunyika vari hyaloplasm, ari cellular afemeruke kuitike kunyanya mitochondria.

Under zvimwe zvinhu pane daka pakati maitikiro maviri. Saka, kuvapo okisijeni kuita mwero kuti glycolysis zvinoderedza zvikuru (Pasteur kushanda). glycolysis zvigadzirwa anogona tunodzivisa Kurovedza muviri kuti makabhohaidhiretsi (Crabtree kushanda).

The Krebs kutenderera idungwerungwe nemakemikari zvichiguma kudzikisirana zvibereko makabhohaidhiretsi vari oxidized kuti, carbon dioxide uye mvura, uye kemikari simba vaunganidza simba-vapfumi yeimwe. Munguva cellular afemeruke anogadzirwa "keriya" - oxaloacetic asidhi (SCHOK). Naizvozvo condensation ne "keriya" neactivated Zvakasara acetic acid. Pane tricarboxylic asidhi - cucumber. Panguva nemakemikari, pane "Chijana" Zvakasara acetic asidhi yatinofema. Nekuti chimwe nechimwe Morekuru pamusoro pyruvic asidhi aumbwa gumi mamorekuru adenozintrifosfatnoy acid. Panoperera ichitanga riri anosunungurwa "inotakura", iro zvaanoita mutsva mamorekuru kusashanda vakasara acetic acid.

Krebs kutenderera kuita

Kana mugumo yemudzimu anaerobic kugayiwa makabhohaidhiretsi riri lactic acid, achifuridzirwa lactate dehydrogenase iri oxidized kuti pyruvic acid. Chikamu mamorekuru ose pyruvic asidhi ndiyo kwetunhu "keriya" SCHOK kukanganiswa pyruvate carboxylase enzayemu pamberi Mg2 ions +. Part pyruvic asidhi mamorekuru kunowanika ane "vanoshingaira acetate" - atsetilkoenzima A (acetyl-CoA). The kuita rinoitwa pasi pokudzora pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA rine simba chisungo, izvo rinoungana kumativi 5-7% simba. Unorema makemikari simba zvinoberekwa oxidation kuti "kushingaira acetate".

Vachikurudzirwa tsitratsintetazy unotanga kushanda zvakanaka Krebs kutenderera, zvinoita kuti paumbwe citrate acid. asidhi iyi zvazvinoita akonitat hydratase dehydrogenated uye mudzoke kunyika Kishi-aconitic asidhi kuti pashure Kuwedzera mvura Morekuru zvinoenda isocitric. Pakati pavatatu tricarboxylic acids simba zvakanyatsoenzana inovhurwa.

Isocitric asidhi iri oxidized kuti oxalosuccinic, iyo decarboxylated uye kutendeukira Alpha-ketoglutaric acid. The kuita iri catalyzed nokuda enzayemu isocitrate. Alpha-ketoglutaric asidhi pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu enzayemu 2-oxo- (Alpha-keto) -glutaratdegidrogenazy decarboxylated, zvichiguma nokuumbwa succinyl-CoA dzine simba chisungo.

In danho rinotevera succinyl-CoA kubudikidza enzayemu succinyl-CoA synthetase transmits simba chisungo GDF (guanozindifosfatnoy acid). GTP (guanozintrifosfatnaya acid) pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu enzayemu adenylate anotumira GTP-simba chisungo AMP (adenozinmonofosfatnoy acid). Krebs Cycle: payakavakirwa - GTP + BSN - GDP + ADP.

Succinic asidhi pasi Zvakaitwa enzayemu succinate dehydrogenase (LDH) iri oxidized kuti fumaric. SDG coenzyme ari flavin adenine dinucleotide. Fumarate kufurirwa fumaratgidratazy enzayemu iri dzikwanise malic acid, izvo zvinozoita iri oxidized kuumbika SCHOK. In kuvapo kuita maitiro acetyl-CoA SCHOK zvakare zvaisanganisira muna tricarboxylic asidhi yatinofema.

Saka, mumwe morekuru shuga achiumbwa kusvika 38 mamorekuru pamusoro ATP (mbiri - nokuda anaerobic glycolysis matanhatu - somugumisiro oxidation nokuda mamorekuru maviri ZWL · H + H +, izvo yakaumbwa mumakore glycolytic oksireduktsii uye 30 - nokuda TCA). CTLs kunyatsoshanda kuti 0.5. The vamwe simba zviri akaparadza sezvo kupisa. The TCA iri oxidized 16-33% lactate acid, vakasara yaro gobvu iri resynthesis pamusoro glycogen.