Ndeipi yemagetsi nemishonga yose?

To musi, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoitwa chero zvinhu zviri zvayo magetsi nemishonga. Izvi imhaka kune zvisina kumboitika munhau yevanhu, kupararira mota yemagetsi kuti akaita nenzira yakasiyana kutarira ehupfumi dzakapoterera zvinhu zvose chakagadzirwa uye dzinongoitika mavambo. Pfungwa yokuti 'yemagetsi nemishonga "yava chinokosha sezvinoita chaiyo kupisa, etc. It zvinoshanda zvachose zvose tichigara :. Water, mhepo, simbi, kunyange Vacuum.

murume wose ano vanofanira kuva pfungwa zvainyanya nezvinhu. Kuti mubvunzo "chii zvemagetsi kurwisa kwe" chete kana uchigona kupindura kana uchiziva zvinoreva shoko rokuti "zvemagetsi iyezvino". Kubvira ipapo, uye kutanga ...

Energy iri zvinhu kuratidzwa atomu. Vose kwakabatana kuboka. The ano muenzaniso panyama anoti atomu akafanana chikero muenzaniso akatisiyira hurongwa. Pakati ndiyo panozogadzirika rinosanganisira nezvemarudzi maviri nezvimedu: protons uye neutrons. Purotoni ane calca yemagetsi akanaka. At akasiyana kure musimboti iri dzeraundi kutenderera tenderera zvimwe zvacho - maerekitironi, akatakura kunaka mutariri. Kuwanda protons nguva dzose anoenderana nenhamba maerekitironi, saka mambure mutariri ndiyo razero. Chinoumba iri kure kubva Erekitironi muchadenga (Valence), simba, kuti chinokwezva simba vakabata nayo sechivako ane atomu.

Achisunungura remagineti zviri kutenderera ari mudare urwu muchina Valencia maerekitironi. Sezvo mwoyo ane atomu chakarasikirwa chinhu Erekitironi ndiye "chiya" hwepurotoni, simba kukwezvana "uchatumbura" mumwe Valence Erekitironi achibva kuruvanze muchadenga ari pedyo atomu. The muitiro eupenyu akadzvanyirira mamiriro yose zvinhu. Mugumisiro ndiyo inofamba kuti mhosva nezvimedu (maatomu zvakanaka mutariri vakasununguka maerekitironi kubva akaipa), uye unonzi Magetsi.

The acho, izvo mamiriro maerekitironi dzokunze kutenderera vanogona kusiya nyore atomu anonzi kondakita. yemagetsi kurwisa Its muduku. Izvi boka simbi. Somuenzaniso, nokuti kugadzirwa waya kunyanya aruminiyamu uye mhangura anoshandiswa. By mutemo Ohm vake, yemagetsi kurwisa kwakaita muitisi ndiyo nhamba vanowanika voltage jenareta kuti simba kupfuura pari. Sezvineiwo, mashoko kurwisa kunoyerwa mu "ohms".

Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti pane zvinhu umo Valence maerekitironi iduku kwazvo kana zvikuru maatomu kure mumwe (gasi), uye saka munyika nechivako yavo havagoni kupa kuitika chokubuda. Ivo kutakura zita dielectrics uye anoshandiswa agopfigira conductive mitsetse mune zvemagetsi mapurani. The zvemagetsi nemishonga mavari chaizvo.

Munhu wose anoziva kuti nyoro insulator anotanga kuitisa magetsi. In chiedza chokwadi ichi, kunyatsondifarira kwakunoitwa kuti mubvunzo "kana yemagetsi nemishonga mvura ikoko." Mhinduro iyi makakatanwa: hongu uye kwete. Sezvambotaurwa, kana mashoko ari Valence maerekitironi riri shoma, uye mamiriro pacharwo rinoumbwa voids kupfuura nezvimedu (vanoyeuka periodic table uye rehydrogen rimwe chete Erekitironi muchadenga), chaiye ezvinhu, mashoko conductivity arege kuvapo. Tsanangudzo iyi ndiyo mvura yakakwana: kubatana kwakaita magasi maviri, yatinoti mvura. Zvechokwadi, kunyange zvachose husina ichiputswa tsvina, ndiko yakanaka chaizvo insulator. Asi sezvo hunhu mvura nguva dzose aripo ari munyu, magetsi conductivity inopiwa navo. Nechepakati saturation pamwero rinokanganisa mhinduro uye tembiricha (aggregation state). Ndokusaka mhinduro yomubvunzo havagoni kuva, nokuti mvura zvakasiyana.