Portrait wokuRussia art. Portrait ari ziso hwemashiripiti

Munyaya ino tinotarisa mufananidzo Russian art. Kukosha Genre ichi ndechokuti the artist ari kuedza kutaura tichibatsirwa zvinhu vanoumba chaihwo upenyu munhu. Kuti, pamwe wakakodzera unyanzvi, tinogona kusangana kuburikidza mufananidzo neumwe munguva.

Uyezve vemifananidzo vari kuedza kwete chete rinoratidza nechokuita, asiwo kuratidza rwomukati mamiriro munhu kunoisawo.

Verenga uye uchawana kwawakabva kukura Russian asian kubva Middle Ages yazvino.

Portrait Genre mune

Portrait ari ziso hwemashiripiti sezvo tinochinzwisisa nhasi, vakamira kunze ichangopfuura. Chete pakati nemanomwe remakore, munyori wezvakaitika kare mudare ramambo French Louis XIV, André Félibien, zvinganaka kudana shoko iri chete mifananidzo yevanhu.

Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, iri izwi akanga so zvose zvifananidzo, kana mhuka, miriwo kana zvicherwa. In yeMiddle Ages kusvikira mhuka yakanga zvishoma yakasiyana mafungiro pane zviri ikozvino. Vaikwanisa sabhinha, vakatambudzwa uye vakatongwa maererano nomutemo dzemunharaunda.

Zvichitevera Felibenom Arthur Schopenhauer akaratidza pfungwa yokuti mhuka nevamwe kune Generic features, havana womunhu unhu. Uyewo nhasi, kuti Portraits havawani icon, nekuti havana kunyorwa pamwechete chepakutanga.

Saka, mufananidzo iri mifananidzo uye mabhuku akazviratidza kare, asi kare pasi pake kunzwisisa chero "basa rakanaka."

Kukura Genre ichi anosungwa maviri zvinhu - kuvandudza kunyora unyanzvi (sezvamunoita, anatomi, etc.), uyewo kuchinja ari maonero nzvimbo yomunhu munyika. Mukuru maruva kuti Portraits inowira nemisere remakore, apo Western Europe yakanga hunodzorwa pfungwa munhu akazvimiririra uye Kuzadziswa yakanaka iri pachake.

mangwanani nguva

Self-Portraits ari art Russian akaberekwa chete Pamuganhu nemanomwe uye nemasere emakore. Asati paiva mifananidzo Ages werudzii, apo mumwe nomumwe panzvimbo yechipiri.

Hwaro mangwanani nguva Russian uri kumusoro mifananidzo. chigadzirwa kwakadaro aivapo kusvikira nemanomwe remakore.

Asi kuchinja akatanga mukupera nguva Kievan Rus. Kuti apukunyuke Kufanana boka ZVAKAITIKA mhuri Svyatoslav, vanasikana Yaroslava Mudrogo. Panewo mienzaniso inoverengeka vanodhirowa nevamwe vanhu vakazvimiririra, semuenzaniso, Jaroslav Vsyevolodovitch pamwe mutembere ruoko. Saka akanga mubayiro mari nokuda rokuvaka.

Yokutanga Kuedza ringabviswa akafuridzirwa uye Ecclesiastical tsamba avanoita kupenda kwakaitika paitonga Ivana Groznogo. Tinoona mufananidzo wake mamwe mabhuku. Kutama akadaro yakaitwa nokungoti zana muZvitsauko Church, rakatonga uye legislated kupangidza madzimambo, machinda, uye vanhu kuzvidhori.

Parsuna

Muzana nemanomwe remakore kupenda kuramba kuvandudza. Tinoona kuti mufananidzo mune Russia iri kuramba ichiva nomumwe unhu. Pane kudaro Genre se "parsuna". Izvi vakamonyanisa shoko "munhu".

mabasa awa vakasikwa pamahwendefa kunyange tempera, kureva, sezvinoita mifananidzo, hunoratidza mupenyu mifananidzo yevanhu. Mukuru kupenda yakadaro yakanga parsuna Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky.

Zvisinei, zvakanga akasikwa ari kwevafi asian "nejasi". Asi mufananidzo muchinda wake rakanyorwa "anomutswa", akararamazve munyika nani, saka zvinhu ayo akasiyana dzakafuridzirwa zviso pasi kwemifananidzo.

Zvishoma nezvishoma pane kubva kuchechi nevanhu, vakakwereta michina kubva Europe. Saka, kubva mundima Commonwealth anouya "Sarmatian asian" Genre vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata mufananidzo.

Uyewo, Muscovy Painters anobva Western Europe, kudzidzisa vemifananidzo vemo. Created "titulyarniki" (mabhuku anokosha, izvo zvinoratidza muenzaniso Portraits vevatongi European).

Petrine panguva

Chaizvoizvo "Mufananidzo" Russian unyanzvi chete anooneka yaitonga Peter Mukuru. Iyi nguva yakachinja muupenyu munyika. Unyanzvi akaratidza zvinoitwa nemiitiro matsva.

In Portraits pane vhoriyamu nokudzika, vemifananidzo mukudzidzire ramangwana. Akaberekwa kunzwisisa kutamba chiedza uye mumvuri, vanotanga kushandisa ruvara pamusoro kanivhasi. Uyewo, pane wokupedzisira kupatsanurwa nechechi uye enyika nounyanzvi.

Zvino mufananidzo rakakamurwa zvitatu aibuda - archaizing, Rossika uye National chikoro.

Chokutanga tinoberekwa kuchinja kubva "parsuna" kuti easel kupenda. Yechipiri rinomiririrwa nemabasa dzimwe Artists mu Russia. Domestic chikoro chete akaratidza nemabasa Nikitin, Antropov, Vishnjakova Matveeva uye Argunova.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vemifananidzo Russian iyoyo nguva, tanga kugona, saka kutaura "wakakwidzwa" muEurope. Asi makore mashomanana pane mabasa zvachose akazvimirira, pamwe chiono chavo. Izvozvo kutanga kukura omunzvimbo nzvimbo nyika-kirasi nounyanzvi.

Mugumo XVIII remakore

Zvishoma nezvishoma asian muchiRussia makanaka anova enzvimbo pakati strata munzanga. Kusvikira pakati namasere remakore dzinoratidzira chete munhu akakurumbira, pedyo mhuri youmambo, asi ikozvino havasi chete Portraits wavakakudzwa uye landlords, asi vanhuwo zvavo kunyange zvishoma. The yokupedzisira, zvikurukuru, akatora nzvimbo bedzi kuburikidza pfungwa rokudzidzisa munzanga.

Munguva mashanu uye sixties ari namasere remakore, mumwe inzwi chaiwo wakasiyiwa Portraits of Empress Elizabeth. vanokudzwa Mhuri dzakawanda akarayira mifananidzo pachavo, rakafanana muenzaniso uyu.

Uyewo Vatsvakurudzi zvinokosha kuona nzira yakazvimirira vomunharaunda Artists. Ivo vakaratidza chiratidzo kwavo mavara uye unhu kuri mumashoko ari Baroque, tichienzanisa vemifananidzo European aishanda ari Rococo manyorero.

Mabasa vemifananidzo Russian kungoita muchifashukira mavara nemifananidzo, zviso, azere upenyu, mutsvuku uye hwakanaka-cheeked mudzimai.

Classicism uye Silver Age

Zvishoma nezvishoma kuona iya kune ushamwari. Pakupera nemisere remakore, zvakaoma kusiyanisa pakati West European uye Russian asian. Genre ari ziso hwemashiripiti rinouya renyika. Chete zvino pane inopenya uye akasvibirira Baroque siyana.

Ndiye achayambuka ari Rococo kuti neoclassicism uye predromantike. Kuoneka nekunzwisisa uye chiedza manotsi. The chikuru chinoratidza iyi yaiva historicism. Kureva, matauriro chakagadzwa pamutemo Portraits dzemhuri youmambo.

Nguva Izvi zvinoratidzwa mabasa Shchukin, Rokotoff, uye Borovikovsky Levitsky.

Next anouya nguva Romanticism. Pano, anozivikanwa zvikuru vemifananidzo vari Bryullov Varnek, Tropinin uye Kiprensky.

Gare gare unouya realism kuti tinoberekwa iri mifananidzo yose Repin, Surikov uye Serov.

Silver Chizvarwa Russian kupenda kuti akapa nyika vemifananidzo akadai Malevich, Vrubel, Malyutin, Somov, Konchalovsky nevamwe.

Soviet asian

Portrait of panguva iwe hakubvi pakutsvaga dzematongerwe, sezvo zvakaita munguva Soviet, uye mari chinoumba.

Asi pakati mifananidzo yose Malevich edu nguva pane yose ichikosha yeSoviet Union.

Pano vari kukudziridza sefungu chains-garde pfungwa, Moscow uye Leningrad chikoro, "vavaki Bratsk" wokutanga. Yaiva chinokosha kuchiitwa mugovanisi realism.

Saka, iye zvino tava kuziva nhoroondo mufananidzo muchiRussia unyanzvi.