Real magasi: Kutsauka kubva ideality

Shoko rokuti "magasi chaivo" pakati mishonga uye yefizikisi inonzi magasi ehupfumi yakadaro iri zvakananga novimba zvavo intermolecular mukukurukurirana. Kunyange zvazvo paine kushandiswa Directory zvinogona kuverengwa kuti chimwe nhuta pakati zvinhu pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu uye varambe hurumende ane nzvimbo Vhoriyamu anenge 22,41108 litres. Mashoko aya ichokwadi chete vanonzi "yakanaka" magasi idzo, maererano Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga, kwete kuita simba kukwezvana uye kuvenga mamwe mamorekuru, uye inzwi chepamusoro racho negligibly diki.

Chokwadi, izvi zvinhu havapo, saka zvose nharo idzi uye Masvomhu vari evasingatombonamati yokungotaura nemunhu. Asi magasi chaiye, izvo zviri pamwero vakatsauka kubva mitemo yakanaka ndivo kakawanda chaizvo. Pakati mamorekuru idzi zvinhu nguva dzose aripo simba kukwezvana, izvo zvinoreva kuti inzwi ravo siyanei kubva vaziva muenzaniso wakakwana. Uyezve, zvose magasi chaivo vane kunosiyana inosiyana yakatsauka kubva ideality.

Asi pano kurondwa pachena zvachose tsika: hwepamusorosoro Kubika pfungwa fuma pedyo razero madhigirii chilis, zvikuru mukomboni achizosiyana kubva yakanaka womuenzaniso. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga wehurumende chaiyo magasi muridzi nokuda Dutch yefizikisi Johannes Diederik Van Der Waals mauto, vakanga vabuda muna 1873. In yemaitiro iyi, iyo ine chimiro (p + N ² / V ²⁾ (V - NB) = nRT , dzakabatwa maviri nouchapupu chaizvo yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita tichienzanisa Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga (Zvirevo = nRT), tsunga experimentally. Wokutanga inorangarira masimba samolecular nekuita, izvo chinobata haangogoni mhando gasi, asi zvaro vhoriyamu, arambe achirema uye kumanikidzwa. The kururamiswa yechipiri vagara vandifungira ari samolecular kurema nefuma.

Basa rinokosha kugadziridzwa kuwana mashoko ari mukuru kumanikidzwa gasi. Somuenzaniso, nokuti senitrogen pa 80 atmospheres exponent. Masvomhu achange akasiyana yakanaka munenge zvishanu muzana, ukuwo kumanikidza inowedzerawo kuti atmospheres mana musiyano ratosvika zana muzana. Zvinoreva kuti mitemo yakanaka gasi womuenzaniso vari anofungidzirwa. Derogation kwavari ari zvose quantitative uye Qualitative. Wokutanga kunooneka pacharo ari chokwadi chokuti Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga rinei vose chaicho gaseous chaizvo nehasha. Shure ndizvo Qualitative zvikuru chakadzama.

magasi Real zvinogona kushandurwa emura uye yakasimba ezvinhu aggregation, izvo hakwaikwanisika avo kunyatsotevedza kuna Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga. Intermolecular mauto kuita pamusoro zvinhu zvakadaro kungaita kuti paumbwe siyana makemikari. Izvi zvakare haagoni kuva yokungotaura yakanaka gasi hurongwa. The nokudaro akaumba kukurukurirana rinonzi namakemikari kana Valencia. In Kana apo chaiye gasi iri ionized, imomo vanotanga kuonekwa Coulomb kukwezvana mauto kuti tizive unhu, semuenzaniso, a plasma, inova quasi kwazvakarerekera Ionic mhuka. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya chiedza ndechokuti yeplasma wefizikisi nhasi imvura, nokukurumidza kutanga chirango chesayenzi, rine chaizvo paupamhi kushanda muna zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika, dzidziso redhiyo chinozunguzirwa anonongedzera, uye dambudziko dzinodzorwa renyukireya Fusion zvavaifunga.

Chemical zvisungo zviri magasi chaiwo pakuzvarwa kwavo regai kwakasiyana samolecular mauto. Avo uye vamwe zvikuru kuderedzwa kuti magetsi kusakarongeka pakati maatomu mhosva, zvose zviri kuvakwa mabhomba uye samolecular nemamiriro fuma. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa zviri samolecular uye zvemakemikari masimba zvakakwana zvaiita chete chete chidzoke pakati quantum makanika.

Tinofanira kubvuma kuti kwete mamiriro zvose nyaya kuti inowirirana mukana wokuti vanhu vanga ari Dutch yefizikisi, unogona chinozoiswa uchidzidzira. Izvi zvinoda chinhu chinoita yavo thermodynamic pakusimba. Mumwe zvinokosha ezvinhu akadaro pakusimba nevasori ndechokuti mune isothermal kumanikidzwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga anofanira takanyatsoomerera tsika kuderedza nhamba muviri. Nemamwe mashoko, muwanze tsika V vose isotherms ane gasi chaiye awire zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvichakadai, pamusoro isothermal chati Van der Waals mauto pazasi dzinonetsa tembiricha pamwero Mare migove zvinochengetwa. The muzano dzinodengenyeka idzi dzinoenderana kusagadzikana mamiriro nefuma, izvo tsika haagoni ichizadzika.