Rivers Muratidze: dzinokosha parameters

To musi, hapana zvechokwadi haagoni kutaura zvakadini nzizi yenyika. Zvose zvinoenderana uyewo pane anogona kunzi serwizi uye kuti - rukova. Saka, Somuenzaniso, kana iwe wedzera vakakwira pakureba zvose nzizi kuRussia, unokwanisa kupfuura mamiriyoni 8 makiromita. The uwandu, kana iwe kuverenga huru neduku, kusvika mamiriyoni 2,5. Largest nzizi pasi pose asisiri 50, uye Kureba anenge 200 000? Km. Asi chii chiri murwizi ari tsime uye muromo rwizi?

The nenzvimbo kukosha rwizi

River - matsva mvura murukova, iyo zvinopfakanyika yakatarwa mutsetse uye kukasawedzerwa ainyanya nemhaka kunayisa. Tisati kunzwisisa hunhu Freshwater dzemvura, unofanira kuyeuka mashomanana anokosha okuti:

• Choruzhinji - iri kudzamisa, maererano iyo anotevera rwizi mvura. Zvinonzi Kazhinji wakaiswa, dzinopoterera fomu rakatumbuka kudzika uye zvakadzama munzvimbo. Nokuda nenzvimbo kuchinja, kana zvimwewo zvikonzero, rwizi mubhedha dzingasiyana, vachisiya makomba uye zvanza. Saka, somuenzaniso, kuIndia pane rwizi Kosi, zviri kwerinenge gore kuita nzira yayo itsva, kugeza kure nezvose kunobva nzira yayo.

• Source - ndiwo mavambo erwizi. Vanogona kuva chitubu, rechando utsotso, mvura, kana mimwe nzvimbo kwemapazi maviri mvura ndokuyerera.
• Muromo - inzvimbo rwizi inoguma uye mainozonodira mugungwa, gungwa kana zvimwe mvura.
• The rwizi Hurongwa - hazvisi chete rwizi pacharo, asi zvaro vabati vechibharo.
• River Basin - a akasarudzwa nzvimbo yose mvura iri kuenda uko. madziva All dzakaparadzaniswa watersheds kwavo basa pakakwirira.

The chikuru parameters zvainyanya dzenzizi

The chikuru hunhu nzizi - ndiko kukura, aibuda velocity, ichiyerera zvazvingava, kuyerera, donhwe uye mhando kudya.

Kuwa akadana musiyano dzakakwirira panobva uye muromo. The kumusoro ari donhwe kunonyanya mwero kuyerera murwizi.

Kuerera zvazvingava unotaurwa m / chik. Kwete kwose kwose zvichava zvakafanana kwokurangana dzakasiyana kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye yakatenuka chiteshi akasiyana.

Water kunwa anoratidza vangani cubic metres vakapfuura kuti 1 wechipiri kuburikidza-chikamu muchinjikwa ari chiteshi.

River zvokudya anouya nenzira dzakawanda: vasanaiwa nemvura, pashure kunyunguduka echando, kubva pachivande mabhuku uye mazitombo echando. Rain-zvokudya rwizi, riri munzvimbo dzinopisa. Sinou dzakakodzwa nenzizi unozvidzora dzinodengenyeka uye kuchamhembe hemisphere, uye glacial hova gomo vane. Kune akawanda chikuru mhando simba nzizi:

1. Equatorial - chete kunonaia gore kumativi.
2. Subequatorial - rwizi simba kunoitika nokuda mvura, asi zviri gogonera uye pamwaka.
3. Subtropical - mvura pamwe kukwidza huwandu rwizi munguva yechando uye chirimo shallowing.
4. Kunyunguduka - a chando chikafu, izvo anotipa mvura pamwero richisimuka muzhizha uye zvinoshamisa kupwa mukuvhuvhuta, kana zvakawanda peremerzaet nzizi.
5. Lake - rwizi yegore zvakazara dzinofambiswa uye hakubvi pakuti dzimwe mhando zvokudya.
6. Mountain - mu marefu yoRwizi panguva usiku kuva diki, uye zuva vari kukasawedzerwa ne kunyunguduka mazitombo echando uye chando.

Uyewo, kakawanda unogona kunzwa rwizi hwechiKomonisiti. Asi kwete vose vanoziva kuti hurumende iri murwizi. On chii zviri? Mhinduro iri nyore chaizvo, hurumende nzizi - mararamiro refu, pamwaka uye nezuva rwizi riyerere kuchinja mutsetse. Kuchinja zvinogona kuitika nokukurumidza, zvose zvinoenderana kupi uye pasi chii ezvinhu rwizi.

River kuyerera pakati Plains, inoyerera ichibva makomo hwake, vanogona kuchinja nzira dzavo zviuru zvishoma nguva, obmelet kana nekusiyana, kuva venguva inoyerera.

Kunyanya chekubuda nzizi

Kupi uye muromo rwizi, atova kuzivikanwa, asi zvimwe zviri aibuda mvura nomumwe wavo? Zvinozivikanwa kuti pane nzizi pamwe akamira mvura uye pasi kuitika, uye pane avo apo mvura anomhanya saka kutsanya rinogona atakure, kunyange chipingamupinyi chikuru munzira kwayo.

The hunhu uye kuerera mwero rwizi kunobva kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, yakatenuka uye akawira mvura. Pamapani rwizi runoyerera yakafara, akanyarara, uye kuwa yakatenuka vaine zvishoma. nzizi idzi zvinosanganisira Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Neman. Asi pane avo kuti kutora nzvimbo pakati zvikomo gomo. Vari ne kuenzana uye simba dzenzvimbo, vachienda kunosangana yakawanda Mangondo, uye dzimwe nguva refu nemapopoma. nzizi kwakadaro munokosha zvikuru donhwe, izvo zvinoreva kuti yezvakaita kuerera kubva kwavari yakasiyana chaizvo. Rwako izvi zvinogona kunzi Terek, Rioni, rwaTigrisi uye the yangtze.

Udziku kunobva okunze, rudzi, uye dzimwe nguva nesimba nzizi. In nyorovera ezvinhu, rwizi chero nguva yegore muzere-ruchiyerera uye akaoma mumamirire ekunze, kazhinji kwayo uye kufudza chete kwemvura, uye ivo kuitika gore hakusi kwazvo.

Mountain nzizi inotonhora, sezvo Vakaguta kubvunda mazizaya pamusoro. Asi kana uchifamba mhiri murwizi, ipapo chaipo kuguma mvura angadziyirwa chaizvo, sezvo panguva nzira kwayo rinopisa kumusoro pasi zuva rinopisa.

Chii gomo uye nokumapani rwizi?

I vakakwanisa kufunga chii hurumende murwizi, asi pane dzimwe mhando murwizi? Pashure pezvose, vanogona kungorega kumhanyira pakati mumapani, kana kuenda marefu.

Neyamapani nzizi - nayo nehova kuti vadarike sandara nomunzvimbo dzine ane miitiro inoburitsa zvinhu zvakanyatsofanana shoma uye ichayerera zvazvingava. nzizi idzi dzinoyerera pamipata hunovapo ichitenderera murwizi, apo humwewo anotambanudza uye mabhanzi.

Mountain nzizi zvinobva mumakomo kana pamapani. Vane kumawere uye matombo rwizi mubhedha, ungwandangwanda hwezvinhu zvimedu pamatombo. For nzizi vakadaro vanoonekwa ne kumawere uye kumhanya magetsi, udzamu diki. Kazhinji munzira nzizi idzi pane mapopoma uye Mangondo, uye ari dzaitongwa dzinotsanagura rikukurwe.

Panewo gomo-bani rwizi kuti anotanga yakadzika mumakomo, pashure zvishoma nezvishoma kutamira murwizi nyarara mumapani.

5 nzizi zvenyika kupfuura

Zita rorwizi, chikuru munyika, anoziva wose. List of 5 nzizi kupfuura uye kupfuura renguva kuerera munyika rinotungamirirwa Amazon, izvo vaiona mwoyo South America. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvaionekwa 2 pandandanda remasangano mushure Nile. Asi pashure vaongorori akatora duku rine Ucayali kuti mavambo echokwadi murwizi, zvakanga zvaionekwa wakarebesa. Kureba kunopfuura 7000? Km.

Panzvimbo yechipiri yakanga African Rwizi rwaNire. It anonzi rwizi dzvene, nekuti chete kuburikidza rinogona kurarama, vanhu vanogara utsinye uye chakaoma chaizvo mwaka muAfrica. In yokunaya rwizi rukafema nokunze, kubvumira African vanogara aidaro zvokurima, mupunga rapera iri dzarwo. Kureba chechipiri pakukura Rwizi nyika zvishoma kupfuura 6800 km uye bheseni ine nharaunda mamita anopfuura mamiriyoni 3 akaenzana. ? km.

The yangtze - ndechimwe rwizi guru munyika, izvo vaiona huru yakadzika-mvura iyerere Eurasia. rwizi Izvi zvinogona kunzi sezvo gomo-nebani, sezvo zvinotora kwakatanga Tibetan Plateau, pashure wakapfuura Hengduan Mountains uye zvimwe Rwako kupinda Sichuan bheseni. Kureba rwizi rakadzika - vanenge zviuru 6.3 km uye bheseni nzvimbo - vanenge mamiriyoni 1,8 tsoka dzakaenzana. ? km.

Huang Iye kana Yellow rwizi - ndiyo chete nyika guru rwizi, vane bhuku mumakomo Tibet. Kureba anenge 5000 km uye bheseni nzvimbo -. 700 zviuru ba m. ? km.

The zita rerwizi, riri pamusoro munharaunda kweRussia, dzinogona kuwanika pamepu. Pakati pavo ndiye rwuripowo ndandanda pamusoro 5 makurusa - ndiye Ob. Its kureba zvishoma kupfuura 5400 km uye bheseni nzvimbo iri rinenge kufanana kuti murwizi - mamiriyoni 3 mativi tsoka. ? km. Izvi rukova aqueous yakatangwa muna Russia, uye ipapo nepano Kazakhstan uye inoguma nzira yaro China.

nzizi zvenyika Major vari zvikuru kuti maindasitiri zvoupfumi pakati inoti iri ane munharaunda vanotora nzvimbo. Rivers kupa upenyu-kupa mvura kuvanhu. Mukuwedzera, yakawanda hove nomunzizi, izvo zvokudya pamusoro kwete chete mhuka, asi vanhu.

List of duku nzizi munyika

Asi kwete chete rwizi guru rine panyika. Kunewo duku, vane zvaanoreva nokuti vanhu vaigara dzarwo. Ruduku rwizi:

• Reprua River - rwizi iyi inoyerera muna Abkhazia, uye kureba mamita 18 chete. Uyezve, zviri vaiona coldest rwizi Sea Black nemhenderekedzo.
• Kovasselva - ichi aqueous parukova iri Norwegian chitsuwa Hitra, uye kureba haasi anopfuura 20 mamita.

Amazing nzizi zvenyika

Zvinoitwa rwizi - hazvina chete sei guru kana duku vari kukura. Uyewo panyika pane kujairika uye zvinoshamisa dzemvura kuti ndirumbidzwe nokuda kwayo mavambo.

Cano Cristales - ndiye rwizi mavara, riri muColombia. Kazhinji kacho vemo inonzi rwizi shanu mavara. Izvi inopenya uye kujairika siyana mavara nemhaka rwizi zvinotora kugara kwayo mvura algae. Kana iwe tarisa mvura mariri, ungafunga kuti muraraungu ichiwira mumvura.

Tsitarum - ndiye dirtiest rwizi munyika. It riri muIndonesia, uye tsvina nekuti vanopfuura mamiriyoni 5 vanhu vanogara bheseni kwayo. All tsvina vanhu kukanda mu mvura yaro. Kana ukatarira parwizi kure, kunyange chete havanzwisisi kuti chii, zvinoita sokuti uchitarisa marara.

Congo - gobvu rwizi munyika. Inoyerera muCentral Africa, mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvasvika kudzika 230 metres, uye zvichida kunyange zvakawanda.

El Rio vinaigrette - acidic chaizvo rwizi. Inoyerera yapfuura Puras rinoputika muColombia. In mvura rine zvikamu zvinopfuura 11 sulfuric asidhi uye 9 zvikamu hydrochloric acid. In rwizi urwu kunogona kuva zvipenyu.

Life munzizi: zvinomera

Zvinoitwa rwizi - hazvina chete simba, urefu nezvimwe parameters, asi mhuka pamwe zvinomera. Pashure pezvose, ose Hova yemvura, ingava chikuru kana chiduku, ine upenyu hwayo. Mumwe kutsanya kana yakanyarara rwizi akawana utiziro hwavo, zvirimwa zvakawanda kuti kujairana noupenyu chete mune imwe murukova, yayo maitiro kuyerera, tembiricha mvura nezvimwe parameters.

Plants nzizi inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata huru 5:

1. Zvirimwa zviri mumvura uye panyika. Vanotanga kukura kurwizi nechepasi uye yokumusoro chikamu kwavo hunopfuura mvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira nomudonzvo, nerutsanga, horsetail, cattail uye arrowhead.
2. Plants vane midzi vari vasiyana pasi, apo mashizha kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura pamusoro. zvirimwa ava rehapa chena uye zvinoyangarara pondweed.
3. Plants vane midzi nechepasi, ane mashizha kuramba mumvura - zviri Eurasian mvura milfoil uye pondweed zvavo.
4. Zvinoyangarara zvirimwa havana midzi nechepasi. Mumwe miti izvi ndiyo duckweed.
5. Plants vanogadzira avhareji mvura wokutanga - hornwort, filamentous algae uye elodea.

Nzizi Life: Animal Kingdom

Zvinoitwa rwizi - zviri zvakare mhuka, zvisingagone kuvapo pose asi mumvura. In hova upenyu kwete chete vazhinji rudzi hove, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu:

• Plankton - vari zvipenyu kuti kurarama mumvura mbiru, vairatidza kuyangarara mumvura uye kune simba dziriko. Plankton ndiye zvokudya zvinokosha kuti hove dzakawanda.
• Bentos. boka iri zvinosanganisira benthic zvinenge.
• Nekton - ari kushingaira zvinokambaira kukunda matsva. Nhasi, kune vanopfuura zviuru 20 mhando nekton, izvi zvinosanganisira hove, Squid, cetaceans, pinnipeds, nenjiva uye nevamwe.
• Neuston - mhuka uye chirimwa zvipenyu vanogara pamusoro mvura pamusoro, iyo muganhu pamwe mumhepo.
• Pleuston - zviri mhuka uye chirimwa Utachiona, emergent mumvura, kureva, vanokwanisa kurarama zvose mumvura uye iri mhepo ...
• By epineuston muri zvipenyu kurarama panyika firimu.
• Hyponeuston - zvinenge chokuita pamusoro firimu, asi kurarama pasi payo.
• Periphyton - zvipenyu pamusoro pemvura anyatsofukidzwa zvinhu.

The nzizi dziri vachigarawo mhuka: Beaver, otter, muskrat, uye zvinokambaira: nenjiva, nyoka, makarwe.

Sei nzizi?

Vanhu vekare vaidavira kuti mvura - ndiwo upenyu. Vari Kazhinji dzimba pamusoro menzizi makungwa, zvokuti vakanga nyore kukurira upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kushandiswa rwizi kwete chete kunobatsira kuita mabasa epamba, asi kuti upfumi hwayo. Mvura kubva murwizi inoshandiswa nokuda kunwa, kuchenesa nayo pachine wake kugadzirira zvokudya pachavo nemhuka inoshandiswa kudiridza maruva.

Nhasi, mvura kubva murwizi rinocheneswa panguva inokosha nhepfenyuro uye nyere vakashumira mumba mumaguta makuru. Uyewo, rwizi rinowanzoshandiswa zvinoyangarara matanda, senzira zvokufambisa pamusoro madaro marefu. In nzizi, kushambira, hove. River - asiwo tsvarakadenga girl, nekuti unogona kugara pamhenderekedzo uye kunakidzwa yakachena mhepo nyorovera, apo kuyemura zvinokukanganisa.

zvikuru sei mvura inodiwa kuti maindasitiri emakambani, izvo akavakawo pedyo nenzizi?! Nemhaka munharaunda iyi, chero zvebhizimisi inogona zvokudya nemvura kubva mudhamu. Munyika kure - mu Africa kana South America - apo okunze zvaoma chaizvo uye nzizi kazhinji pakaoma, mukuru kunwa mabviro mhuka dzinongova rwizi, kunyange rakaoma dzimwe nzvimbo. Asi yokunaya vanova wenguva inoyerera zvakare.

Pasina nzizi, redu raisazova saka akanaka uye ndeechokwadi. Ivo, semvura hosipaipi, monyorora pasi pose uye kupa mvura inopa upenyu, asi basa revanhu - achiedza kuchengetedza kuchena kwavo uye runako.