Senitrogen yakasviba

Nitrogen makemikari chinhu pamwe mabhomba nhamba 7 riri 5 boka Mendeleev nguva nenguva ino. Izvi diatomic gasi pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu zvakakwana inert. Mupasi muchadenga, nezvokuvandudzika nemapoka matatu. The chinhu dzinoratidzwa anotevera oxidation rinoti: -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. chikamu yeimwe zhinji. Mumwe munhu yakatsvukuruka mashava hunokachidza gasi (dzinoratidzwa kukwanisa kutsvinyira kufema turakiti, zvichikonzera pulmonary edema pa dzakakwirira kuwanda), kuva maitiro unopinza, kunzwa kwakanaka - ndiko senitrogen dioxide. The yemaitiro ndiye NO2. Matadza vakawanda 46,01 g / mol. Density 2,62 g / dm³. Kubika pfungwa 21 ° C. Kana zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura ikasakendenga nayo. The refractive Indekisi 1.449 (pa 20 ° C).

Nitrogen yakasviba inoita basa rinokosha mumhepo kemisitiri, kusanganisira paumbwe tropospheric ozone. Panguva imwe chete, icho chinhu chikuru mhepo dzinosvibisa uye zvenguva dziri maindasitiri kwetunhu nitric acid, izvo anobudiswa mamiriyoni ematani pagore. Uyu ndiwo mumwe dzakawanda senitrogen oxides (binary inorganic yeimwe ose senitrogen uye okisijeni) pamwe oxidation:

• I - N2O senitrogen oxide;

• II - NO senitrogen monoxide;

• III - dinitrogen trioxide N2O3;

• IV - NO2 senitrogen yakasviba uye dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4;

• V - dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5;

• trinitramide N (NO2) 3.

Nitrogen dioxide nyore liquefied. Ndiye kunorema kupfuura mhepo. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu NO2 hwakakanyiwa (vangasvika 1: 1) kuti Hauoneki fuma (ayo dimer) N2O4. NO2 kemesitiri zvakanaka kunzwisiswa.

By maitiro nemvura iri hydrolyzed, kwaizoita maviri aumba asidhi (nitrous uye nitric): 2NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3.

In Maitiro vane alkali munyu vari kuumbwa sezvo izvi acids zviviri: 2NaOH + 2NO2 → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O.

Iye simba oxidant inokwanisa oxidizing SO2 kuna SO3. In nzira iyi yakavakirwa pfuma nitrous sulfuric acid. Svikiro NO2 zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira Organic yeimwe, sarufa, carbon uye phosphorus, nokupisa.

Nitrogen dioxide kazhinji zvinoberekwa oxidation kuti senitrogen oxide mumhepo okisijeni: O2 + 2NO → 2NO2

Murabhoritari, NO2 akagadzira matanho maviri: kupera mvura mumuviri kuti nitric asidhi kuti dinitrogen pentoxide, iyo zvino thermally yaora:

2HNO3 → N2O5 + H2O,

2N2O5 → 4NO2 + O2.

Somugumisiro chafariz manyowa zvimwe simbi nitrates zvinogona kunge takagadzirira NO2:

2Pb (NO3) 2 → 4NO2 + 2PbO + O2.

The oxide inogona inoumbwa zvokuverengera nitric asidhi (pfungwa) kubva nesimbi (semuenzaniso, mhangura):

4HNO3 + Cũ → 2NO2 + Cũ (NO3) 2 + 2H2O.

Nokupesvedzera nitric asidhi (pfungwa) gaba Kuwedzera senitrogen dioxide, tini asidhi aumba somunhu ne-chigadzirwa:

4HNO3 + Sn → H2O + H2SnO3 + 4NO2.

Vamwe mabhuku oxide N2O4 (IV) aitaurwa senitrogen tetroxide. Asi pfungwa iyoyo yakarasika, sezvo nefuma ndiyo dinitrogen tetroxide. NO2 huripo zvakanyatsoenzana pamwe Hauoneki gasi N2O4: 2NO2↔N2O4.

Sezvo izvi Nechiyero chinonyengedzera exothermic, riri zvava kudivi NO2 panguva tembiricha yakakwirira uye panguva yakaderera - akananga N2O4. Deamer zvinoenda yakasimba mamiriro ari tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika pa 11.2 ° C. Pamusangano tembiricha rworwendo 150 uchiora: N2O4 → 2NO2, ipapo 2NO2 → 2NO + O2.

Nitric asidhi zvishoma nezvishoma anosunungura NO2, aunopiwa maitiro yeyero Ruvara ruzhinji mimwe asidhi ichi:

4HNO3 → 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2.

Nitrogen dioxide nyore kuona nokuda kunhuhwira kunyange panguva yakaderera kuwanda, inhalation pamusoro mhute anofanira kudziviswa. Rimwe zvinogona tsime NO2 ari fuming nitric asidhi izvo allocates NO2 pa kutonhora pamusoro 0 inegumi. Kusvibisa Zviratidzo (pulmonary edema) kazhinji pashure inhalation anogona kuparadza mishonga ane maawa mashoma. Pane uchapupu kuti kwenguva refu uchinzwa NO2 pa kuwanda pamusoro 40-100 MG / m³ anogona kuderera zvemapapu nerevane zvinowedzera mukana kufema zviratidzo. Muzvidzidzo mamwe masayendisiti akasimbisa kubatana pakati wevasungwa pamusoro NO2 uye Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

Nitrogen yakasviba akaumba dzakawanda pezvakaitwa combustion apo mhepo rinoshandiswa sezvo oxidant.

Panguva yakakwirira tembiricha kuti senitrogen rinobatanidza pamwe reokisijeni kuti aumbe nitric oxide: O2 + N2 → 2NO, ipapo NO iri oxidized mumhepo kuti aumbe yakasviba O2 + 2NO → 2NO2:

1. Under Muzvarirwo mumhepo pfungwa chinhu anononoka chaizvo urongwa.

2. The ungangotarisa kunobva NO2 vari womukati combustion michini, chafariz simba zvinomera uye kuti muduku kumwero, pulp zvigayo.

3. Gas Heaters uye yamavira tiri manyuko oxide ichi. Raida senitrogen kutaurwa kwazvo combustion mhepo, iyo kutendeukira senitrogen oxides panguva pamatunhu tembiricha.

4. Mumhuri reparafini Heaters uye gasi Heaters tiri zvinopa NO2.

5. senitrogen yakasviba kwakaita panguva yokuedzwa yenyukireya ratinoona (yakatsvukuruka ruvara howa gore).

6. Dzimwe nzvimbo yekurima kwayo pamusoro kuwanda anogona kusvika 30 g / m³.

7. NO2 chiri muropa zvinoberekwa kutinhira, mvura.