St. Lawrence Island: tsananguro, nzvimbo, mapikicha

Chitsuwa St. Lawrence - kundima rinopiwa Alaska (USA) uye riri muna Bering Strait. Akatumidza mukukudza mutsvene, ari Eskimos pakutanga akaritumidza Sivukak.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

St. Lawrence Island iri muna North Pacific Ocean. Yokuvaraidza nzvimbo yake anoita zvaari pakati Old uye Worlds New, pakati makondinendi Eurasia uye North America. Mukuwedzera, chitsuwa chaiva pamharadzano dzenzira kuti makungwa maviri - yePacific uye kweArctic, iri muGungwa Bering, inova shoma kugungwa Pacific Ocean. Rine Coordinates ose 170 °. d. uye 63 ° C. W. St. Lawrence Island yabviswa pana 231 km north-kumadokero kubva muguta Nome (United States, Alaska). Uye riri 74? Km kumusoro-kumabvazuva Chukotka (Russia, Chukotka Peninsula). Chitsuwa chiri 140? Km uye upamhi - 35? Km.

muzvarirwo

Terrain kunyimwa siyana, hunomiririrwa Bani zvikomo uye vakaparadzana kwakadzikira. The yakakwirira pano - gomo Atuk - kupfuura 670 metres dzakakwirira. Zvakakodzera kutaura yepanyama chakajairika - zvachose polynya. The polynya riri kumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa chacho. Iye akaumba hwakapararira kumabvazuva nokumusoro mhepo Zvifambiso kure aizi kubva kumhenderekedzo mugungwa. Okunze ndiko zvahwaiita mugungwa kunyunguduka, saka kunonyanyisa chaizvo mamiriro ekunze chitsuwa. Photos yenzvimbo idzi dzinoratidza kuti nemiti pano shoma chaizvo. Zvinomera chakanangana achinaya mvura mapazi - yakaderera-kukura nemiti, kunyanya neArctic the willow. Kusiyana nemiti pane siyana chaizvo fauna of. Izvi nokuda napedyo pamusoro dzenzvimbo simba kuti auye yakawanda plankton, uye hove zvinopfakanyikamo. Zvokudya zvakawanda chinokwezva mapoka mhuka neshiri, kutanga pano rookeries. Gore negore nayo nhunzi vanenge mamiriyoni 3 specimens shiri gungwa. Idya pano kuda vatema Guillemot, puffin, Guillemot, Gaviota tridactyl uye loon.

nyaya

Interesting nzvimbo hazvishamisi, nokuti chitsuwa - ndiwo mamwe nekamukwavarara pakati makondinendi maviri. Zvikasadaro, unogona kuti, "banzurwa" nyika zambuko. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti paiva kamwe nyika kwePasi, iro vafambi prehistoric hwaiva urongwa hwako mumazuva pakugadzirisa of America.

The chitsuwa sezvayakawanikwa ne Russian rwendo inotungamirwa Danish-kuzvarwa Russian wengarava mukuru Vitus Bering. chiitiko ichi chakaitika muna August 1728, rimwe zuva apo paiva nemutambo St. Lawrence.

uwandu hwevanhu

An dzinonakidza pfungwa pachitsuwa kugarwa. Vanhu pano kuti akazviratidza anenge mamiriyoni 2 years ago. Ndivo Eskimos kubva Alaska uye Chukotka. Zvino vanhu yuitami kunzi - pasi zita mutauro, kufanana chukchi. Uye ichi hachisi hapana tsaona. mutauro wavo uye tsika akafanana pachena kuti mitauro dzavanhu Chukotka. The kugarwa chitsuwa nomunhu ari prehistoric uye mangwanani nhoroondo nguva aiva pfupi hunhu. Nguva yokugara uye kusiya chitsuwa vakatevera mumwe, zvichienderana okunze uye Kuwanikwa zviwanikwa kupona. Studies mapfupa evanhu uye meno kuwanikwa pachitsuwa anoratidza kuramba nzara. Big Island raishandiswa senzira kuvhima pasi, kunyanya kune huru mune wakadzikama okunze ingasvikwa pasina zvipingamupinyi.

Siberian Yupik vanhu vaigara yakapoteredza dzimba, muzvikamu zviviri. Warm chikamu imba - mupenyu. The inotonhorera Chikamu imba yaiva nzvimbo ruzhinji akaita zvoupfumi zvenyika. Muropa vanhu Akaveza mapfupa zvikaramba mhuka. Mifananidzo akafukidzwa zvose kicheni nemidziyo. Zvikurukuru, kuvhima giya uye nezvombo. Siberian Yupik vanhu vaidavira kuti mifananidzo mhuka kuunza nemhanza yakanaka kundovhima. Relationships nezvikara vanoonekwa ne shamanic maonero. Mhuka zvave sezviratidzo Mhuka dzinovaraidza (kazhinji raiva negunguo, walrus, imbwa). Uye ukama nemhuka yabuda chairo. Saka, vanouraya shato huru aigona kuva akarurama munhu waakanga asarudza mweya chechikara. Aiitirwa nokungwarira somueni. Kana pane nguva dzose munhu aripo, mhuka iri coaxed mumhanzi uye pahuro. Zvose izvi nokuti Siberian Yupik vanhu vakatenda, sezvakaitwawo shato huru waizodzoka kwapera.

Mapere uye muurayi hove huru dziri ngano uye rengano vaionekwa mhuka imwe. Summer - muurayi shato huru yechando - bere. In kwayo yechando achinyepera iye akabatsira vavhimi kuuraya nondo.

uwandu hwevanhu

The mugari Vagari vanhu 4000 pakazopera remakore rechi18. Zvino vakawira zvikuru kune 1,000 vanhu uye anodzokororwa panguva pamwero kusvikira nhasi. 40% yevanhu vari vaduku vanhu pasi makore 20. The chidzoke wokuRussia uye vokuAmerica hakuna chokuita vasanyanye vanogara chacho. Mhosva nzara ichi, izvo-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu Inuit dzakamanikidzwa kusiya chitsuwa. Zvisinei, Photography, kuenzanisira kuti kuvapo pano uye misha. Zvino kune maguta maviri: Gambell uye Savoonga. Ivo vanogara vainyanya Eskimos.

zvitsuwa US

The akakamanikana, chiri pakati Eurasia uye North America, pamuganhu mamiriro pakati penyika mbiri - Russia uye United States. Saka, mumwe zviwi - the Russian, mumwe - the American.

St. Lawrence Island iri kuchamhembe weGungwa Bering, kumaodzanyemba chikamu Bering Strait, kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva ari Chukotka Peninsula nokumadokero Alaska. Pedyo Russian pamhenderekedzo ndiyo chitsuwa St. Lawrence. Waani here? mubvunzo uyu unogona kupindurwa seizvi: iye ikozvino chikamu US mamiriro Alaska. Nokufamba kwenguva, kuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika akafurira kuti Bering Strait, zvitsuwa ayo ndangobva imwe nyika kune imwe, saka ikozvino, kutarisa pamepu, zviri nyore kurasika mukati, vanopinda chii ehurumende kuti.

Kare, chitsuwa ichi chinofanira kuUnited States, kunyange zviri pedyo Chukotka. Muna Bering Strait zvakare Diomede Island, vakagamuchira zita rayo mukukudza chete musande. Pazuva yokukudza pake, vakanga vakaona ne V. Bering, sezvo pachitsuwa St. Lawrence. Zita wechipiri Diomede Islands - Island achiuroverera, vachikudza hama, kokutanga aakanga akuvadzwa pamepu. Big Diomede, yaiva kumavirira, muridzi ne Russia. Kruzenshtern chitsuwa, iri kumabvazuva, ndezvaiye kuUnited States. Saka, pakati zviwi maviri ndiwo muganhu inoti. Zviri pamusoro kure shure sezvo Bering Strait. Fairway (rwezasi-kumabvazuva Diomede Islands), kuva kuUnited States.

administrative utongi

Administratively chitsuwa chiri mapazi Census Nome, izvo zvaizoitawo chikamu chimwe miganhu chikwata - Unorganized Borough. Uyu chaiwo administrative Unit, aivapo Alaska. Created munzvimbo uwandu kuvagari duku, kuzvidzora ronga hazvibviri, asi vaverengwe kunodiwa. Zvivanakire unorganized Boro Alaska iri kuva zvikamu 11, chimwe iyo vakati Nom wongoramba. Residents anenge zvakaenzana richiparadzirwa pakati pamaguta maviri - Gambell uye Savoonga. Name Gambell musha ainzi pashure mudzidzisi yokutanga pachitsuwa, uyo akafa nemhuri yake yose dutu rinotyisa mungarava "Dzheyn Gray" muna 1898. Other nemisha havasi pano. Kunyange zvazvo makwikwi pakati maguta ukuru ikoko, guta Gambell kusvikira 1898 njodzi yakanga vanoda Sivukak Eskimos, kufanana chitsuwa rose, izvo zvichiri rinopa inokosha.

Mabasa vagere chitsuwa

Vagari chitsuwa aidaro hove, kitoboystvom, mapfupa kuvesa. Akaveza dzenzou ikozvino hauna azadzwa oberezhnym zvakadai zvichireva sakare. Zvino matkamuistoja okutengesa. Uyewo, vagari kuunganidza michero uye mazai yomusango gungwa shiri. Reindeer nokupfuwa aripo, asi basa yerudzi rutsva, pashure zvichiita nondo pachitsuwa. Bowhead hove huru dziri mined pano uwandu zvokuti Savoonga mumusha unonziwo "ari shato huru guta wenyika." Uyezve, inoshanyirwa pagore Whale Festival.

Dzimwe nguva vashanyi vanoshanyira chitsuwa, nokukwezvwa vasiya yemakuva ngarava. Scenic maonero Vakafa marangwanda pakati utsinye inotonhora Mahombekombe vanotaurwa muna mufananidzo.

The chitsuwa uye United States

Munguva kubva 1952 kusvika 1972, chikamu chacho munyika kungova American muchiuto.

Vanhu pachitsuwa chikamu yeHondo Yenyika II - ndashanda muna Alaska miganhu Protection (ATG). Muna 1947, kuti chikwata akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa. Uye muna 1952, vepazvitsuwa vakaramba kubatanidzwa kwokudzivirira chitsuwa wakasika neDare Alaska National Guard. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga akavaka radar chiteshi BBC, akanga akavharika hweHIV.

Panguva imwe exacerbation yokurwisana pakati USSR uye US muna Bering Strait chiitiko chakaitika. 22.06.1955 maviri murwi Soviet akapfura pasi US okunatsiridza musori ndege. The vashandi chaiva vanhu gumi. Vatatu vavo vakakuvadzwa vari kutokonora, uye zvakawanda mana kuwa. Vakapona magwaro nedzenyu, iyo inozivikanwa kuti hurumende yeSoviet vaiona chiitiko murunyararo, asi chokwadi chose haana kuudzwa.

Apo ndege yaiva mundima USSR uye aiva skirmish, Russian muchiuto akauraya kuti arege kuita chinhu zviito kwose munyika. Uye kuda kwehurumende veSoviet dzosera hafu US Nokurasikirwa kwairatidza ine rugare kumunetsawo. Kunyanya sezvo yakajekeswa kuti pakanga shootout musi izuva ramakore, apo vose vaigona kuenda zvakaipa nokuda yakaderera maonero. The chiitiko yaigadziriswa.

Radar chiteshi, riri pane imwe mugumo chitsuwa, yaiva chinhu ari US Air Force uye kuitwa aerokontrol uye kudzivirira ndiwo zvichiongororwa chechitima. Munzvimbo iyi kwemazana emakore dzinozivikanwa vavakatorera kupaka dzimwe mhuri Inuit. Imwe nguva pashure kuvhara veboka ravarwi, kuwedzera utano wakaonekwa ari vemo. Kenza uye zvimwe zvirwere zviri vanhu vanenge vakakurira munzvimbo, anowanikwa kakawanda. It kuramba nhasi, pasinei nokuti United States yakanga anodhura purogiramu rokuchenesa nharaunda kuparadzwa chechitima. Varipo muchetura PCBs. Monitoring mberi.

Abva muchiuto vakawanda vaiva nekodzero kuitisa kupikidura mapfupa kuti kuvesa, izvo zviviri "pfupa Makomba" akaita vaunganidza guru yakawanda zvokuyamura kwemazana emakore. Zvino vanhu vakapiwa kodzero kuredza uye zvomumvura mhuka munzvimbo idzi. Pakuunganidza kodzero vakabatsira kuti veruzhinji.