The Order of St. Anne. Order of Russian Empire

The Order Mutsvene Anne rakaumbwa muna 1735 na Duke Karl Friedrich, mumwe murume wokuGermany pakuzvarwa. Iye muna 1725 akaroora mwanasikana Emperor Peter I, Anna. Pakutanga hurongwa akanga vaifungidzira somunhu dynastic mibayiro, asi mune ramangwana rayo mamiriro yachinja yekudyidzana.

Duchess Anne kwete refu aigara inofara, uye akafa muna 1728 nguva pfupi pashure pokuberekwa inorema ramangwana mugari wenhaka chigaro. Pakafa mudzimai wake anodikanwa Carl Friedrich akasarudza immortalize ndangariro yake nokutamisa mufananidzo Duchess ane mufananidzo pamusoro Order of runotevera mugari wenhaka chigaro. Munguva upenyu Duke akarongeka ichi takagamuchira 15 nyaya German kuti.

Kubvira panguva iyoyo, vatongi Russia Dzakachengetwa muchidimbu simba, vachisiya chigaro kuti ezvinhu zvavasingagoni kuchinja.

Mugari wenhaka Elizabeth II

The ramangwana mugari wenhaka zvigaro wokuRussia uye Holstein ainzi Carl-Peter Ulrich. Akagara nhaka chigaro pashure Elizabeth II, uyo akanga asina vana vavo, mukuru chirevo asarudza kuvaka pachigaro womunun'una wake, pashure iyo mukomana yaitakurwa kubva Duchy pamusoro Holstein muRussia.

State Order chinzvimbo

Sezvo Order St. Anne akanga ari dynastic mubayiro, akatamira kuRussia, Peter III, akava Tenzi Mukuru ari Order pamusoro nhaka kubva baba vake, akatora chepamusorosoro mubayiro of Duchy pakati Holstein pamwe. Kamwe muna 1742 iye pamutemo akwira choumambo, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka Order iri chinzvimbo ehurumende mibayiro mu Russia.

The mugari wenhaka mutsva pachigaro

Nhoroondo Russian Empire zvakananga mazuva edu akazara nezviitiko zvinotyisa, akanyanya kukosha iyo yaiva chiitiko kuti akasiya zvisingafi chiratidzo munhau. Zvino 1762, apo ushe Paul III, iyo yakatora inenge 6 mwedzi, hwakaguma zvinosuruvarisa. Zvino somugumisiro rangano kuchinja kubva pachigaro, yaakanga aita mudzimai wake. Pashure porufu rwake, kuti pre-echimurenga Russia awana mugari wenhaka mutsva pachigaro - Paul I, uyo akaberekwa muna 1754.

Catherine II Board

Sezvo panguva rufu pari Emperor Paul I aiva muduku kutonga choumambo, wose kurema bhodhi hunogara pamafudzi mai vake, akanga zvakananga kukonzera rufu baba vake. Nhoroondo Russian Empire panguva ino awana chinokosha chaizvo kuti kukura vachitungamirirwa Catherine II. Pasina mubvunzo, ndizvo yakakurumbira kupfuura mambokadzi nguva kunze Russia.

Secret zvinoreva mibayiro

Pasinei nokuti mubayiro yeRussian Empire akasiyana chaiyo runako, Paul ndakanzwa kutya manzwiro chaizvo toreva Order of St. Anne. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena zvakakwana. Pane imwe nzira Moscow kwakaita, akarongwa 1762, Paul I chaipiwa kokutanga runako Anna Petrovna, mwanasikana munharaunda Seneta PV Lopuchin.

Iye saka kufadzwa mambo kuti akaramba kutamira mhuri yake yose muSt Petersburg. baba Belle akagamuchira kubva Emperor musoro muchinda uye mhuri Mashoko. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, shanduro yechiHebheru kwezita Anna - "nyasha" - yava kuzvikudza machinda Lopukhins mhuri.

Kubvira panguva ino anotanga chikuru nyaya uchitanga pre-echimurenga Russia. Maererano zvitupa pamusoro youmambo mhuri kuti riparare kusvikira nhasi. Catherine II akatenda aitya nemafungiro mwanakomana Order of kusetsa vana yemhuka, asi kubva panguva iyoyo, sezvo ramangwana pamambo vakasangana panguva womuchato Anna Petrovna, akatanga kutakura zvakawanda uye zvakavanzika zvadzinoreva. Zvino, Order of St. Anne aireva kwaari zvikuru nokuda muvambi Order of Karla Fridriha.

Makopi Order, vakagamuchira mamiriro mamiriro

Maererano akachengetedzwa tsamba pakati Empress Catherine II uye mudzidzisi Paul I, munhu wamambo paakaenda chaiyo akasikwa, maererano naPauro ndaiva nekodzero mubayiro nokuda kwake murayiro uyu chero wamambo, zvakasiyana chaiyo voumhare.

Asi vanomumukira Emperor uyu asina kukwana, uye akafunga chinyararire mai inotyisa, hakunganzi makafanirwa Order of St. Anne mubayiro, nokusika makopi duku dzakawanda kuti kurongwa vavanotonga mubayiro. Kudzipfeka kuti kuvimba hilt munondo wake kuti, kana zvakafanira, inogona nyore kuvanzwa yokunzvera meso, uye panyaya musazonetsanazve nezvombo vhara kubudikidza punchi.

The kuramba ari German weutungamiriri iye

Muna 1773 Catherine II renounces chose kodzero dzose, mazita uye ropafadzo yaisirwa kuti yake venhaka Holstein choushe. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Unorudzi 1 dhigirii harizonzi paakavapa venhaka imba youmambo, asi Pauro I akaramba yebasa Tenzi Mukuru ari Order, yakaramba kuti pamutemo kodzero mubayiro pachavo.

Coronation naPauro I

Coronation naPauro ndikawira pasi November 12, 1797. On nhasi, iye pamutemo accedes pachigaro, uye pre-echimurenga Russia Zvinovhiringidza nyaya yake mambo mutsva, mumwe okutanga mirayiro iri kuvakwa Order of St .. Anna kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu ehurumende mibayiro uye ayo kupesana mukati 3 makuru papi. Zvino kopi murayiro, dzakanga dzakaitwa muna Kesari youth, vakawana pamutemo uye kubatwa 3 madhigirii.

Pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti vatongi Russia achave paakavapa maererano Order bedzi wemapurisa. Order chitarisiko iri zvakananga novimba dhigirii chaakanga ari. saizi yayo zvichienderana pamwero ranged kubva 3.5 masendimita kusvika 5.2 cm.

1. Order of St. Anne 1 dhigirii - encrusted pamwe mangoda. Pfeka pamusoro Order mhando iyi akavimba wakapamhama dzvuku Ribbon pamwe rweranjisi.Twunodauka kuti vawedzere pamwe micheto. Ivo paakavapa kwaari panguva imwe chete yesirivha nyeredzi. Uye nyeredzi aifanira pafiripi pamusoro pamafudzi ake rworudyi, uye Order kuburikidza kuruboshwe. On a kumashure goridhe raiva masere rwakavakwa nyeredzi pakati yaiva yakaiswa muchinjikwa mutsvuku. Around sekamufarenzi kwayo nemabhii Latin ari Mashoko ari Order Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem nokutenda akanga hwokurara Naizvozvo, kubva kuchinjwa inogona vakagumisa kuti vakanga paakavapa vakatendeka uye vanhu vaizviita.

Red ruvara kwomuchinjikwa kwave nokuramba yokunamisa pamwe enamel takapoteredzwa muganhu goridhe mutete. Pakati muchinjikwa yaiva pamusoro mufananidzo Duchess Anna White nzira yokubudisa hwenguva pakureba. Naicho takapoteredzwa pamuganhu goridhe. On the neizvi divi nayo yaiva Order monogram Duchess configured kushandisa yebhuruu enamel. Pamusoro chiso mufananidzo Anna raiva rakayangarara vatumwa vaviri vakabata mumaoko avo korona youmambo.

Muna 1829, nedhaimani inoisa vakanga chete Award akapiwa vagari vatorwa, uye kubva 1874 vasazvibvumira mufananidzo youmambo korona mirairo yokutanga dhigirii.

2. Order of St. Anne 2 madhigirii - inlaid dombo vakatongoparadzwa girazi. Zvakanga zvakafanira kupfeka pamutsipa wake, wakati makamuisa rakamanikana Ribbon. Zvikurukuru, zvinonzi paakavapa kune vanhu, kwete kugamuchira chiKristu, uye vatengesi. Zvisinei, ichi mufananidzo Order of Anna chikatsiviwa maviri misoro egondo. Pamusoro neizvi kuti murayiro kwakaitwa azure ruvara akaratidza chidimbu AIPF Mashoko ari Order, ane chinangwa chaiva kuyeuchidza paakavapa, kuti countess aiva mwanasikana Peter I. The Silver Star haisi kuvimbwa.

3. Order of St. Anne 3 dhigirii - vakawanda musiyano. Pfeka akavimba hilt munondo wake. Chinhu chiduku denderedzwa mukati iro muchinjikwa enamel yaiva chindori chete zvinhu, pamwe nhengo vose vakasikwa ruvara rwakati piriviri kutsvuka.

Makore 13 pashure wevakadzidza kuzivikanwa sehurumende mubayiro vakatakura mitemo zvakachinjwa. Zvino ndakanga kubayirira kuna dzeChirungu dzaiva, ruvara iro raiva pakarepo inoratidzei nderaMwari paakavapa muchiuto kana vanhuwo zvavo. Maererano nechirevo pamusoro 1847 Order of 3 inegumi, kwakasarudzwa mubayiro machinda avo vakashumira kwemakore anenge 12 pazuva iroro nzvimbo kwete asingasviki 13 kirasi. Kubvira ipapo, award kutotadzisa kuva Mandibudisa somubayiro basa refu.

4. Order St. Anne kwakaita 4 madhigirii - kwairatidzwa mwanakomana Paul I - Emperor Alexander I. dhigirii iri paakavapa chete muchiuto vakuru. Order aifanira kupfeka pamusoro chombo chinoshandiswa muchimiro revarwi, iro paakavapa kumeso.

Pakati vanotongwa Russian Emperor Alexander I, murayiro 4 madhigirii ainzi "cranberry". The ndechokuti saizi yayo asingadi kupfuudza 2.5 cm uye ndizvo chaizvo ruvara kufanana bheri ichi. Kana mukuru vakambotadza akanga paakavapa sezvakarayirwa 4th dhigirii, paakavapa mubayiro yakakwirira aifanira kudzipfeka panguva imwe chete.

Name Order madhigirii 4 chakachinja chaizvo gore rimwe pashure pokutonga shanduko ndavhiyiwa kusakara Order 3 inegumi. "Nokuti ushingi" zvino aifanira kuwedzera fanira vanochengeta-pamusoro bhokisi.

The nhoroondo mibayiro

Kubvira 1857 mambo chirevo umo vakuru muchiuto dzakanga paakavapa kwete chete kune Order, apo nomufananidzo Duchess Anna chikatsiviwa zviviri vayambuka minondo, asiwo piriviri ruvara uta, saka kuti kunzwisisa kwevanhu vakagamuchira nokusimbisa kamwe zvakare, nekuti ikozvino munhu uyo akaona akafanana mubayiro, yainzi "Mutungamiriri wenyika Order cranberry" shure kwake.

Awarding kuti "cranberry" Order yakaitwa kuna Revolution pakati 1917 , apo vose awards of tsarist hwacho Pamutemo akadzima hurumende itsva.

Hurongwa Jeweled mirairo 1 ne2 dhigirii akanga yekudyidzana dzakachinjwa, kunyange zvazvo asina kukanganisa utsanzi uye awardees vokune dzimwe nyika zvizvarwa.

mazuvaano of Order

Pakupera ari XIX remakore vakashandura nzira nokuda awarding Unorudzi 3 inegumi. Nechekare kubva 1847 kuti ave mutariri award vaifanira kushanda muchiuto kana iri pambiru mukuru kwete nemakore asingasviki 8. Uyezve, zvimwe vakashandura Zvinoonekwa Unorudzi 3 inegumi. Sezvo 1855 2 vayambuka minondo akawedzerwa kwairi.

Kusvikira pakati pezana XIX remakore, ose munhu wakaiswa kuti mubairo, akagamuchira Kuwedzera zvimwe zvikomborero nokuda Order. Saka, kuwedzera chero dhigirii pamusoro Order zvakanzi kufanirwa uye knighthood, asi nekuda mukuru yokupararira awardees mutemo uyu zvakachinja, vachisiya dzokumaruwa kwamachinda achiidzwa chete vanhu paakavapa hurongwa 1st dhigirii. Vamwe vanopa bedzi vanokudzwa rokuremekedza, kwete kutamira kune vatsivi.

Pakadaro, kana mibayiro yakanga paakavapa vatengesi kana vanhu vasina kuchiKristu, vakava vagari honorary yeRussian Empire, akanga knighted.

The inozivikanwa zvikuru unhu, paakavapa ari Order:

• Refutenendi General Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - paakavapa ari Elizabeth.
• Generalissimo Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov - Holstein akagamuchira Order of St. Anne.
• Kutuzov, vakagamuchira Order of St. Anna sezvo ake mubayiro wokutanga muna 1789.

Hwose kubudirira Award

Bheji kutaurirana. Anna kana Anna menduru, yakatangwa muna 1796 naPauro 1 uye aiva menduru-akaafukidza nendarama, riri pakati muchinjikwa mutsvuku. Zvakanga paakavapa kune muchiuto, izvo ukuru vakapfuura makore 20.

Kuwedzera mubairo aivimba zvikuru uye muripo wemari, uwandu iri zvakananga novimba ukoshi uye chinzvimbo zvichabviswa paakavapa, uye vaigona kusvika $ 100.

Order 3 kana 4 pasina mari uta uye vakanga paakavapa kukurudzira kuvasiri akarayira vakuru, kureba basa kuti akaita makore anopfuura 10.

Awards yeRussian Empire

• Arayire Andreya Pervozvannogo - Peter I nheyo muna 1698. Mubayiro vave ushingi hwavo uye kuvimbika kune kumusha uye Kesari. Maererano nengano, Peter Mukuru, uyo akadzoka kubva rwendo kuEngland, aida kuva menduru akafanana zvaakaona Russia.
• Order of Liberation - akasimbisa Peter Mukuru muna 1713. Mumakore upenyu Peter ndakaugamuchira mubayiro ichi kubva pamaoko Kesari chete mudzimai wake Catherine A .. A chiitiko risingakanganwiki kwakaitika November 24, 1714.

Mune ramangwana, vakanga paakavapa madzimai vakakurumbira manhamba Russian nokuti unobatsira nevamwe. It pakutanga pamuviri somubayiro zvakakodzera unhu mukadzi youmambo panguva kundikana Prussian chirongwa muna 1711.

Maererano nengano, pashure eRussia akanga akapoteredzwa vokuTurkey, Catherine vakapa zvishongo zvavo chiokomuhomwe kuti Turkish mutungamiri, saka mauto akabudirira pakuita norugare uye kudzokera kumusha. Zvapupu chiitiko ichi havana kuzosimbisa kuchinjwa zvishongo sechiokomuhomwe, asi dzakatsarukana maitiro pamuviri Empress Zvakacherechedzwa vose muchiuto. Order aiva mugwaro 2, dzinoratidzwa kunosiyana Trim matombo anokosha. Yokutanga dhigirii yakanga encrusted pamwe ngoda, uye wechipiri - gomo vakatongoparadzwa girazi.

• Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - Catherine I hwakatangwa muna 1725. Nechinangwa yechipiri vakuru vehurumende mubayiro. Kokutanga award chakaitwa maererano pazuva kumuchato Peter I kuna Catherine I. The mubairo yakagamuchirwa vanhu 18.
• Military Order of St George - kwakatangwa Catherine II muna 1769. Paakavapa kune masoja vakaratidza Kunyanya ushingi mukurwa. Ndaiva madhigirii mana musiyano.
• Order of Prince Vladimir - kwakatangwa Catherine II muna 1782. Paakavapa kuti vashandi uye vakuru pakati pemisara yavanhu. Kuwanda vanowana haungoratidzwi. Zvinonzi kugadzirwa madhigirii ina dzakasiyana.
• Order yokukurukurirana. Anne uye Maltese Cross - akatanga Paul I uye mwanakomana wake Alexander I, vaisanganisa kubatanidzwa hurongwa. Anne kwaiita 4 madhigirii 1797. Paakavapa kuti vechiuto uye vanhuwo zvavo, zvakafanana akasiyanisa pachavo pamberi mambo. Order of Maltese Cross akazviratidza apo vakabata muIjipiti uye cheMarita, Napoleon akapa zvakananga kuna Mambo Paul I kubvuma chiremera Grand Tenzi Order of St. John muJerusarema.
• Order of White Eagle, murayiro St. Stanislaus uye sezvakarayirwa Virtuti Militari - yakavambwa Nicholas I muna 1831. mirairo iyi vaiva chikamu mirairo Russian pashure accession yeRussian Poland. It akaunzirwa varwi Polish kuti ushingi muhondo. Uye awarding mirairo iyi yaigona chete kuitwa mukati makore mashanu kubvira musi kuguma ruvengo.
• Order of Princess Olga - kwakatangwa Nicholas II muna 1913. Paakavapa kumukadzi kuti kubereka vanhu rinoitirwa. Maererano Order of award vaigona mambo pachake, kana kuti munhu ane maoko yaiva rinokosha wavarindi dhipuroma.

Panoperera ino ndinoda kamwe zvakare kusimbisa mupiro chaizvo kuti pre-echimurenga Russia raitonga youmambo iri pakusikwa ano mamiriro, nhoroondo yose inotungamirwa zviri pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1917 dzinogona kurondwa varayirwa yakagamuchirwa zvikuru hunhu nguva.