The Russian Patriarch wekutanga: kare, Biography

At pakuguma XVI remakore tateguru wokutanga Russian akasarudzwa. Vakatanga Jobho, uyo asati aiva Metropolitan of Moscow uye All Russia. Nguva patriarchate ake akanga yakawanda paruzhinji nematambudziko.

makore okutanga

Future tateguru wokutanga Russian akaberekwa muna 1525 mune iri Suburban taundi Staritsa. Munyika zita rake raiva Ivan. Akauya achibva vomuguta. Mukomana akaenda kuchikoro, raiva Staritsky kubvuma wemamongi.

Uyewo 1556, Ivan akatora yemamongi mhiko yake, iyo yakapiwa zita Jobho. On chisarudzo chake chose hwake kuchechi tinzwe Archimandrite Herman zvakananga. Jobho aiva mumwe vakadzidza zvikuru uye vakakurumbira vanhu neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Ake unhu akabvumira mumongi kuva kuchikosha munhu ari yemamongi yake.

Apo Ivan anotyisa

Munguva kubva 1566 ne 1571 yemberi tateguru wokutanga Russian aiva abbot hwake chizvarwa Staritsa kubvuma wemamonk. Zvichida, Jobho angadai akaramba ari panzvimbo ino kwenguva refu, kana kwete pedyo Moscow nyika yakava chikamu kuchinja maererano oprichnina Ivana Groznogo. Saka abbot akasangana namambo. Ivan akamuita abbot pakati wemamongi. Nokukurumidza basa vakatamira Moscow.

Kumavambo 80 mutungamiriri chechi yaiva bhishopu wokutanga Kolomna, uye ipapo Bhishopu Mukuru Rostov. Tateguru wokutanga Russian, asati ava chiso vakuru chechi, akafamba munyika yose. Iyewo akava chinokosha nhamba kusungwa pachena zvakatipoteredza. Mumakore achangopfuura, ushe Ivana Groznogo Job vakava shamwari Boris Godunov. Ukama izvi tsanangura njodzi bhishopi.

The prerequisites nokuda patriarchate

Muna 1584 Ivan Grozny akafa. Pachigaro choumambo chakanga mwanakomana wake Theodore, uyo aikudzwa noutano murombo uye kuvimba munin'ina wake Boris Godunov. Inotorwa mambo akatanga kuita mirairo yavo muMoscow. Akaita basa pfupi kuvavengi akaisa inokosha hurumende nzvimbo shamwari. Pakati pavo paiva yemberi wokutanga yeOrthodox yeRussia Patriarch.

Muna 1586 Boris Godunov vakabatsira kuti Jobho akasarudzwa Metropolitan kuMoscow. Panguva iyoyo, yaiva mukuru chiremera mu neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Metropolitan zvaienderana chete pamusoro Patriarch weConstantinople, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva Jeremiya II.

Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia kubva pakutanga kwayo kuteerera echiGiriki mabhishopi of Byzantine Empire. kokutanga kuti mabhishopi havana kunyange akaberekerwa Slavs, uye akauya kubva Constantinople. Zvisinei, muzana remakore XVI, zvinhu yava zvakasiyana. Muna 1453, Constantinople yakakundwa vokuTurkey. Orthodoxy rava guta guru munyika yose Islamic guta. Constantinople chechi yakarasikirwa unoriumba simba, uye tateguru raro achigara kuutapwa.

Izvi zvinogona vasakanganise mafungiro muMoscow. Ivan Grozny aiva wokutanga Russian chamber, uyo akatora kuti zita (chaizvoizvo, zvakanga akaenzana Imperial, kureva Byzantine). Asi kana zvematongerwo enyika Moscow akasimbisa kukwirira kwayo, chitendero ndege - kuchigere.

nadzurudzo sangano

Muna 1586, ivo Moscow zviremera vakawana mukana pokuvawanira pakupedzisira kuronga pakagadzwa yavo patriarchate. Panguva ino, yokumadokero Russia akashanyira Joachim. Raiva Patriarch muAndiyoki - musoro imwe chechi okumabvazuva. Joachim tsamba kuMoscow aine chikumbiro kubvumira kupinda kuna guru roumambo. Yaiva nguva yokutanga mushure mokuparara Constantinople, apo tateguru vakashanyira Kremlin. In Moscow vakafara chikumbiro. Jehoyakimi mugwagwa kumirira nevamiririri venyika matatu chete.

Patriarch muAndiyoki vakasangana chevaux Fedor Ivanovich. Paivawo chibvumirano wokutanga pakagadzwa Russian patriarchate. Kuti aite nzira yose pakagadzwa, Moscow aifanira kutsvaga rutsigiro ose makuru Eastern Churches. Joachim aiva musoro wemhuri mazita ichi chokutanga. Pashure akabva Russia, akatanga pakarepo gadziriro inokosha kuchinja chechi.

Basa Godunov

The chikuru initiator pakati pokugadzwa patriarchate kuRussia aiva Chokwadi, Boris Godunov. Nokuti iye, yaiva danho rinokosha kwete zvechitendero sezvinoitwa zvematongerwo mupfungwa. Sezvo Fedor aiva pachigaro choumambo, munin'ina wake mutemo waiva of facto mutongi munyika. Zvisinei, iye akanga achitarira mberi, zviri pachena kurota nechigaro choushe. Ezvinhu akanga kudivi Godunov. Fedor uye Irina (hanzvadzi Boris kwakaita) haana vana, vaizova nomutemo kukwanisa kufamba simba.

Godunov aiva mutongi bedzi. Nokuti iye zvaikosha kudzora mamiriro yose muchina. The Church kwaari yaiva enyika anokosha chokushandisa. Naizvozvo, hama wamambo mutemo aida kuti vakavimbika kuna tateguru rake.

In basa iri Godunov pakarepo akasarudza Job. Pakati pavo vakanga refu-vakamira ukama kuvimba. Sezvo nguva dzakaratidza, wokutanga yeOrthodox yeRussia Patriarch akaramba akatendeka mutsigiri Godunov kunyange nguva dzakawanda zvakamuomera.

Patriarch

Jobho akanga akaisa tateguru February 5, 1589. chiitiko yake huru yokutanga munyika itsva basa chaiva chokubatsira vokuGeorgia mambo Alexander. mambo uyu vavharirwa pakati simba masimba maviri vaMuslim - Turkey uye Persia. Kuti zvimwe kuponesa nyika yavo, Alexander akagamuchira Russian citizenship.

Zvino Georgian mambo aida kubatsirwa mukudzorera hurongwa muchechi munyaya. Just panguva ino, yokutanga Russian tateguru Jobho akava. Akanyorera mambo maviri guru tsamba zvakachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu. Mutsamba yake, tateguru akapa Alexander zano kurwisa vatsauki akatsemura Chechi yeOrthodox kuGeorgia. Job sarudza Painters uye nyanzvi dzezvechitendero vashoma. Vakanga vakatumwa Caucasus ndiponesezve upenyu Georgia yechiKristu. The vasara tsamba kuti bhishopi echechi yeRussian Orthodox kutumirwa kuna Alexander, uchapupu kudzidza kwake kukuru uye erudition. Ndinoti kune makore akapedza dzemamongi. Panguva iyoyowo Jobho tsitsi akatsoropodza kwete chete vanyengeri vaMuslim, asi pakati pevaKaturike nevaPurotesitendi.

Kubuda pachena mutemo

Apo wokutanga Russian tateguru Jobho akava, Boris Godunov akanga achitarisira kuti rutsigiro avo ezvinhu simba rokunyika. Hurongwa Izvi zvave vabudirira. Chokwadi Jobho, kusiyana zvose vamutangira (kunyange mabhishopi), akanga achishingaira mune paruzhinji zvenyika. Mushure daily basa muKereke, Patriarch of Moscow akaenda kumisangano yacho Boyar Duma, apo iye akadzivirira uye akatsigira pfungwa Boris Godunov neimwe mitemo nezvemamwe.

Asi kunyange vasati ichi pfungwa vamutangira Job kuremerwa chaizvo. On mapuranga vamambo, apo hurumende yose vepamusoro vakapinda, maererano netsika bhishopi echechi yeRussian Orthodox rokutanga vakagamuchira kodzero yokutaura pakutanga chacho. Aitya Mwari Fedor nguva dzose Akanyatsoteerera zano rake uye mirayiridzo.

Nesananguro tateguru wokutanga Russian, kunyange pamusoro wevakadzidza chechetere rave zvinooneka zvakachinja mamiriro nheyo. Zvino musoro echechi yeRussian Orthodox rave pamutemo kuva munhu wechipiri munyika. Pamapfudzi ake akarara mutoro mukuru uye basa, zvakafanana kana kwete. Pfungwa iyi wokurera Russia kubva Byzantium. The Empire nguva dzose, tateguru uye mambo akanga kungoenzana nenhamba.

chechi mabasa

Chokwadi, nesananguro wokuRussia Patriarch wokutanga chokuita zita Borisa Godunova. Muna 1598, iye pakupedzisira, pakupedzisira akava mambo pashure pokufa nowakautangira rwake, Fyodor Ivanovich. Godunov haana ndezvomunhu kusvikira kutonga Rurik imba. Hazvina vade mumaziso boyars ake. Kunyange zvakadaro, mambo mutsva agadza zvakaoma bedzi simba muoti.

Election Jobho (wokutanga Russian tateguru) Godunov kwaidiwa kuti vawane zvakawanda rutsigiro paakanga chete ane rakada namambo. Zvino zvinhu akachinja, uye musoro weChechi akapotsa kurega kubatanidzwa upenyu paruzhinji.

Asi, Jobho akatora zvechiKristu of Volga nharaunda uye kuSiberia. Idzi vave ichangobva akabatana Russia. Dzavo zvipenyu dzezvimwe vakawanda vaMuslim uye vahedheni. Nyora wokutanga Russian Patriarch chokuita Panovhurwa machechi munharaunda idzi. ZvechiKristu kweSiberia uye Volga kudunhu raiva akaererana mutsika wokuRussia vakawanda kubva nechepakati kumatunhu.

muvengi Falsdmitry

Boris Godunov kukwanisa kuchengeta rugare munyika yavo. Russia akarova nzara yekutanga zvakazoita kuti mhirizhonga pakati pavanhu. A dzinouraya akundwa mambo waiva kwaita Venhema Dmitry. Munyengeri akauya nehondo huru kuMoscow. Godunov akaponesa kurangwa semafiro panguva kumabiko.

Pashure porufu rwake, zvakava pachena kuti Jobho haana kuponesa chiremera atateguru. Vatsigiri Venhema Dmitri vakamubata uye akatuma kuutapwa nomutauro wake Staritskiy wemamongi. Nokukurumidza muMoscow rakazivisa Lzhedmitry. On mirairo ake, akaponda Fedora Godunova - mwanakomana Boris, waiva mambo mavhiki mashoma.

kudzingwa

pakuonekwa muMoscow Venhema Dmitry Kunyange asati yakanyangadza. Kubva chechi muchechi kwaari bhishopi yokutanga Russian. Biography pamusoro hierarch ichi kunotiswededza dzevanhu, kwete kusiya mitemo uye kuvimbika kwavo kuna akakodzera mambo. Apo Fedor akaurayiwa, Jobho akadzokera guru uye vakaita basa iri kubvuma Cathedral iri Kremlin. Nokuti ichi akasungwa akatuma kuutapwa. Falsdmitry Vatsigiri kuda napo kunyadzisa munhu-gore masere okuberekwa. With tateguru wake akabvarura nguvo uye adzingwa guru.

Panzvimbo Iova Otrepev akasarudza Patriarch Ignatius mutsigiri wake. Zvisinei, nzira yake kugadzwa zvisiri pamutemo. Pamutemo, Job (wokutanga Russian tateguru) haana kunyange kunyimwa kwokukudzwa kwake, kunyange zvazvo akanga akadzingwa kuMoscow.

Rehabilitation uye rufu

Nokukurumidza Lzhedmitry akarasika simba. Iye akapoteredzwa pachake pamwe Poles-vaKaturike, iyo chaizvo kwete kufanana vanhuwo. Boyars vaivawo pamusoro anoedzesera nokuda kwake noutsinye hunhu. Muna 1606, mukumukira yakatanga muMoscow. Venhema Dmitriy akaedza kutiza, asi akabatwa uye akaurayiwa.

Simba hwakatamisirwa Moscow boyars. Vakasarudza mambo Vasiliya Shuyskogo. The mambo mutsva rehabilitated Job. Tateguru First kunyange akadzokera kuMoscow. Zvisinei, mukweguru vakaramba kamwe zvakare kuva musoro wekereke. Pakazosvika nguva akanga akapotsa bofu uye akanga arwara. Job yadzoka Staritsa, apo akafa muna 1607. Tateguru yokutanga akavigwa munharaunda yemamongi. Muzana XVII remakore, mutumbi wake vakayerera nokufungidzira Cathedral of Kremlin. Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia somusande vatsvene mukutarisana Job.