Yak-9: unhu uye tichienzanisa analogues

Yak-9 - murwi-bhomba, iri nekanzuru Soviet Union kubvira 1942 kusvika 1948. It yakazokudziridzwa nenhengo Tupolev Design Bureau uye akava kupfuura hombe Soviet murwi muhondo Hondo Yenyika II. Mumakore matanhatu okuwana makopi anenge 17.000 dzakavakwa. Nhasi tichadzidza kuti anoonga hunhu muenzaniso ava ibudirire zvakadaro.

History of Yak-9 murwi

ndege iyi yakanga Mugumisiro Yak-7 mazuvaano uye zvakawanda yechinyakare Yak-1. Mumaonero zvakagadzirwa, chiri nani shanduro Yak-7. Externally, kuti Yak-9 zvachose kufanana kuna nowakautangira, asi zvimwewo zviri zvikuru chakakwana. Paaisika ndege vakavhura zvinenge ruzivo-gore maviri ari kugadzirwa revarwi vanoparadza Yak-1 womuenzaniso. Mukuwedzera, nenguva kwezvisikwa itsva ndege mukana vakwanise kushandisa duralumin pane pakutanga hondo, kana indasitiri Soviet vari pakurera ichi zvinhu. Kushandisa duralumin Kupa kuderedza vanobudisa marongerwo. Oshimi makirogiramu mainjiniya yaigona kushandiswa kuwedzera mafuta romugove, kugadzwa zvombo zvikuru simba kana kupfuura siyana inokosha michina.

Fighter Yak-9 aiva akatendeka mubatsiri Soviet Air Force panguva Second World War. Muna 1944, muchina uyu rave richishandiswa mushanduro dzakawanda uye ari mberi ari nhamba makopi ose varwi vari panguva iyoyo mubasa pamwe Soviet Union. Chimbofungidzira: panguva Novosibirsk chirimwa nhamba 153 pazuva kubereka 20 ndege izvi! Kunze ichi Enterprise, murwi ikabereka pana Moscow chirimwa № 82 uye Omsk chirimwa № 166.

The ndege akatora chikamu pakuvhiya ose Soviet Air Force, kutanga Hondo Stalingrad. shanduro dzose murwi (uye Makanga) aiva kwazvo ndege uye michina maitiro uye zvakanga zvisina chero operative urema anokonzera njodzi. Panyaya iyi, ndege magadzirirwo akanga nyore chaizvo uye dzakashandisa nokukurumidza kugadzirwa munguva yehondo. Zvinenge zvose zvokuvakisa pagadzirwe kugadzirwa pamusoro-panzvimbo gungano.

patani

Origin Yak-9 murwi vakagamuchira gwenya M uye sikuruwa-105PF VISH-61P. Zvikabva nokuti muenzaniso uyu sehofisi Yak-7DI. Huru misiyano pakati muenzaniso mutsva kubva aizotangira vari: yakawanda huni, akaderedza 500 kusvika 320 makirogiramu; uwandu mafuta matangi, akaderedza kubva 4 2; nerubatsiro mafuta kuderedzwa kubva 50 kusvika makirogiramu 30; Kusavapo bhomba Racks kuti kwokunze kuturika mabhomba.

Kubva nemaonero zvombo, Yak-9 havana wakasiyana nowakautangira ayo, mumwe ShVAK pfuti uye mumwe pfuti WCD. Nokuda shoma kugadzirwa mitemo uye zvishoma inoomesera kudzora Serial kweShanduro ndege, sezvo zvichienzaniswa nokubudiswa ane ruzivo, ndege uremu muenzaniso yakawedzera kusvika 2870-2875 makirogiramu.

murwi Soviet Yak-9 vaifambisa zvakanaka uye aiva nyore kushandisa. Muhondo pamusoro verticals aigona kuenda muswe nomuvengi Mu-109F sezvaari pashure yokutanga chijana. Muhondo pamusoro horizontals kuti yakafanana rinoshamisa kwakanga zvakakwana 3-4 muchichinjana.

Muzhizha ra1943, nokuda kwokushayiwa kutanga gadzira michina, motokari dzakawanda munguva ndege vakavhuna womuti kuvanga yacho bapiro. urema dzakadaro kubviswa sezvo vanova dzinowanikwawo dzinokosha zvikwata mainjiniya. In kweShanduro akazotevera okunatsiridza of Yak-9 murwi, kudzokorora dzakapiwa pazasi, dambudziko panobviswa chose.

rwisana oparesheni

okutanga varwi The Yak-9 zvikapiwa mberi pakupera 1942 uye akatora chikamu mune hondo Stalingrad. Muna 1943, panguva yokutanga vakawanda vazvo, zvakanzi vakawana zvaunokanganisa kuti zvabviswa ne munyu zvokuchenesa pamberi Kursk hondo - wokutanga, apo varwi ari muenzaniso kushandiswa chinokosha nhamba. Pakatanga hondo Yak-9, kuwedzera kune Yak-1 uye Yak-7 vakashandisa 5 murwi nokupesana ndege, mumwe wakanga Guards. Pakapera July 1943 pamusoro Kursk kuzvimba akauya wechi11 Air Corps, iro raiva regiments vatatu Yak-9.

Kunyange wokutanga zvemuchadenga muhondo, zvakava pachena kuti zvakanaka Yak-9 rinodzorwa uye vaifambisa, asi nokukurumidza uye chombo iye conceded ndege Bf 109G uye FW 190A.

Version of Yak-9T akagamuchira Qualitative ukuru pamusoro muzasi kubva nemaonero zvombo. Sezvo nhamba dzinoratidza-Yak 9 vakapedza chimwe kukundwa muvengi ndege avhareji caliber projectiles 20 147 neMM, uye Yak-9T - 37 31-mm projectile. Mumwe wokutanga regiments vaiva nezvombo Yak-9T raiva 133rd GIAP. Ndege, vakabata 37-millimeter kanoni, yave kushandiswa zvinobudirira, kunyange pamusoro muvengi warrior motokari uye ngarava.

Operation ane murwi ndege chaiyo kurwisana Yak-9 kwakaratidza kuti kuwedzera mafuta wedzerai kakawanda seisingashandi. Zvakawandisa mafuta ndiko kutsigisa igwa kuti ine migumisiro yakaipa pamusoro survivability of machine. Naizvozvo cantilever Matangi kazhinji yakaguma plugs. Kunyange zvakadaro, kwaiva kudiwa kuwedzera kutiza siyana mune dzimwe Zvikamu yehondo. Saka, muna August 1944, rimwe boka 12 ndege shanduro Yak-9DD achiperekedzwa nhumbi ndege kubva kuItaly Yugoslavia. Uyewo, Yak-9DD dzaunzwa kuti dzibudise Ndege panguva "Frentik" kushanda muna 1944.

Sezvo December 1944 Yak-9b muenzaniso vakarwa 130 fung Fighter Division, kushanda pasi Third Byelorussian Front. A mukuru-vosimba Yak-9PD zvaiendeswa maoko zvikamu Moscow VOP. Muna October 1944 akaita debut ake muhondo Yak-9U Fighter - akapinda basa pamwe 163rd Fighter chemazana chehondo, kushanda kuBaltic States. Ndege akaenzanisira nomusiyano rwisana zvinogona kukura womuenzaniso Yak-9. Mumwedzi miviri yokuedzwa, iye muchirongwa hondo 18, kupfura pasi 28 murwi FW 190A uye mumwe Bf 109G. Panguva iyo kwaiva vaviri chete dzakarasika muchina Soviet.

Kana Great Patriotic War wakapfuurira muchikamu chokupedzisira chokutambudzika, ari murwi Yak-9, zvainyanya iyo vanogara hwakavandudzika, razova imwe huru varwi Soviet. chinzvimbo ichi nayo arambe ari mangwanani pashure pehondo makore. Muna September 1946, musi ndege womuenzaniso Yak-9 chakaita kuti 31% of Kuronga USSR murwi ndege. Pashure pehondo, okunatsiridza siyana pamusoro ndege kushandiswa kusvikira pakutanga Kuma1960. Kuwedzera Air Force uye wengarava avhiyesheni of USSR, aishandiswa nemauto omubatanidzwa. Muzhizha ra1943 Yak-9 uye Yak-9D akapinda basa chehondo French "Normandy". Muna September zvinotevera gore chaiendiswa bato murwi Bulgaria, uko vakatsigira Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. In Mumatsutso 1945, muenzaniso Yak-9M uye Yak-9T kushandiswa Polish mhepo simba muPoland uye Northern Germany. Mukuwedzera, ndege yacho muenzaniso vakamira Chinese maoko, Hungary, Yugoslavia, North Korea uye Albania.

Yak-9: Magadzirirwo

The chikuru shanduro ndege muna 1942 yakava unhu:

1. Length - 8.5 m.
2. Wing Span - 9,74 m.
3. Bapiro Area - 17,15 mamita ^2.
4. The chaizvo mutoro pamusoro bapiro - 167 makirogiramu / m ^2.
5. Empty kurema ndege - 2277 makirogiramu.
6. Tora-kure uremu - 2873 makirogiramu.
7. Motor simba - 1180 l. a.
8. The chaizvo mutoro pamusoro pesimba - 2.43 makirogiramu / l. a.
9. Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza mugungwa - 520 km / h.
10. The kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza pa kukwira - 599 km / h.
11. akaisa kukwirira 5 km - 5.1 min.
12. Bend nguva - 15-17.
13. Practical siringi - 11.100 m.
14. Practical Range - 875? Km.
15. Chombo - 1x20 mm ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm UBS.

okunatsiridza

Munhau yacho, ari Yak-9 akagamuchira vakawanda okunatsiridza. Kugona kuti dzakachinjwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mhando uye chinangwa rwisana michina akava rayo guru chinhu. Ndege akanga 22 makuru okunatsiridza, 15 iyo akaenda dzinotevedzana. Panguva kushanda murwi kuvakwa dzamarudzi mashanu propulsion, peturu dzehondo nhanhatu embodiments urongwa, nomwe embodiments maoko uye mhando mbiri chaiyo michina. Fighter akanga vaviri vangasimudzira vakasiyana mumwe bapiro mhando: vakavhengana uye zvose-metal. shanduro All kunze Yak-9 Ndege chawo, kuti Kuziviswa zvatakandorwira kare kukurukurwa, vaiva rinokosha indekisi. Ngatitore Kunyatsoziva dzinokosha okunatsiridza ari kunozivikanwa murwi.

Yak-9D

The nadzurudzo kunosiyana yawedzera kusvika 480 makirogiramu kuti wedzerai peturu. The ndege iri vakapakata ina panzvimbo mbiri nemafuta Matangi: maviri midzi uye vaviri kunyaradzana. With ichi mhinduro, ayo ndege siyana yakawedzera kusvika 1400? Km. The nadzurudzo zvakagadzirwa kubva March 1943 kusvika May 1944. Panguva iyi, conveyor wakaburuka maBhaibheri 3068.

Yak-9T

In nadzurudzo iyi, 20 mm kanoni chikatsiviwa 37-mm pfuti nemabara acho projectiles 30. Nokuti kuti huchashandiswa itsva Hwakareba, kuti nzvimbo yemutekenyi aifanira kuzununguswa shure 40 cm. Muenzaniso zvakagadzirwa kubva muchirimo 1943 kusvika zhizha 1945. 2748 emaBhaibheri nokuda kwenguva ino.

Yak-9K

Shanduro iyi ine 45-millimeter pfuti NS-45. Kuti uderedze simba kwechirwere, chinoumba 7ts, Upfu yakatoiswa tomu akamedura. Zvisinei, kana vachiridzira panguva mukuru ukurumidze ndege akatendeuka, uye mutyairi noruzivo chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine simba. Designers vanokurudzira kupfura watsemuka pfupi pamusoro kwepfuti matatu. Second volley Yak-9K aiva kurema 5,53 makirogiramu. Munguva kubva April kusvika June 1944 53 ndege kuti shanduro iyi zvakasikwa. In yechinangwa miedzo nemauto ivo kuitwa 51 pakurwa, kurova 8 ndege FW-190A-8 4 ndege BF-109G. Panyaya iyi, kurasikirwa yairema mumwe chete murwi. Mune imwe ndege downed Paavhareji akanga 10 dzinenge 45 mm kanoni. Nokuda kwokushayikwa rakavimbika Kugadzirwa kwezvombo haana iri kugadziridzwa.

Yak-9TK

The ndege kuti Shanduro iyi akapiwa Akazadzisa sechivako zvimwe zviyero, uyewo rakabatana nechepakati pfuti hunowedzera hurongwa runovabvumira yaitsiva zvekushandisa mumunda. Fighter akaitwa yechipiri yezana 1943.

Yak-9M

The ndege iri kukura kubva Yak-9D muenzaniso pamwe fuselage ari muenzaniso Yak-9T. Uyezve, shanduro iyi ine zvakawanda kuvandudza. For aerobatic ndege unhu uye hazvina kusiyana kubva Yak-9D. Asi pakupera 1944, ndege akasimbisa kupfuura simba injini VK-105PF-2, kuburikidza chaakanga ava zvikuru nokukurumidza uye mwero kwira. Yak-9M razova rimwe zvikuru nevanhu motokari ari muenzaniso siyana Yak-9 vanodzima. Photos of ndege ino kuwana munhu ane Great Patriotic War. Dzinokwana Makopi 4239 dzakabudiswa.

Yak-9C

Ndege yakavakwa inobva Yak-9M uye vano chete injini. Kusiyana inokosha shanduro rakazoshandiswa, kusanganisira 23-millimeter pfuti NS-23 uye peya synchronous 20-millimterovyh pfuti BS-20C. Nokuda kusingagutsi migumisiro ehurumende nemiedzo muna 1945, muenzaniso haana muhombodo Serial kugadzirwa.

Yak-9DD

Muna 1944, muenzaniso yakavakwa Tu-2, nokuti Tracking izvo zvinhu hazvisi zvakakwana kunyange Yak-9D. Mukuwedzera, Soviet Union aida ndege, ndege siyana izvo aizobvumira kuti aite kurwisana kuvhiyiwa pavanoparidza ndege Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. A muenzaniso dzakakodzera aiva Yak-9DD. Installation 8 bapiro Matangi yakawedzera chinotsva anokwanisa muenzaniso kusvika 630 makirogiramu. Mukuwedzera, zvishandiso uye kukurukurirana midziyo akanga dzakachinjwa kuitira chengetedzo pamusoro madaro marefu uye mamiriro zvisingafadzi. ekunze.

Kunonyanyisa Range Yak-9DD ndege yaiva 1800? Km. Zvisinei, uremu hwake aiva rekodhi kirasi iyi ndege - 3390 makirogiramu. Kunorwa murwi akanga mureza mhuri Yak - kanoni caliber 20 mm uye 12.7 mm caliber pfuti. Yak-9DD akashandiswa zvikuru kwose kwose.

Panoperera muzhizha 1944 boka 20 ndege vakaenda mujinga muvakutsiri, riri pedyo Italian neguta Bari rokutsigira chokufambisa ndege Su-47, izvo anomununura zvinhu kuYugoslavia. Sechikamu kwemahofisi akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kutiza kureba 1,300 km uye chikuru chikamu daro akapfuura nomunharaunda yavo. The boka akaita sorties 150, izvo, pasinei nokusava nazvo pamwe ndege muvengi, vakanga kwazvo. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunyange Su-47 nendege kumhara uye vachidzikisa rinoitwa, club vanodzima vanotarisira navo mudenga kuti kutumwa shure. Nokuti zvose nguva nokushanda ndege haina kunyoreswa imwe kukundikana.

Yak-9P

Chinonzi zvenguva pfupi ushori, iyo yakasiyana kubva inokosha shanduro Yak-9, hunhu yatiri kare kuziva, kuvapo zvemuchadenga kamera mune akasununguka mupanda. mudziyo Izvi zvinobvumira kuti vapfure kubva nekukwirira 300 kusvika 3000 mamita. Shanduro nadzurudzo iyi yechipiri kwaibva Yak-9D. Akanga asina chete zvokushandisa ushori, asi akanga zvinopfuura yepamusorosoro nyaya yose. Yak-9P zvakabudiswa mune diki zvakawanda uye kushandiswa munzvimbo ubanguranyika vamwe ndege akanga akaoma kana interfaced pamwe chakakura ngozi.

I-9b

Fighter-bhomba Yak-9b yakavakwa pamusoro nechepasi womuenzaniso 9D. In seri nzvimbo yemutekenyi zvakanzi akashongedzerwa bhomba Bay zvinosanganisira zvikwepa mana chinogona kutakura mana 100-paundi bhomba kana mana matepi, nerimwe rine 32 Anti tinofanira kugara bhomba. bhomba miedzo akatanga muna March 1944. Maererano migumisiro sorties, ari Yak-9b akaparadza 29 matangi, 22 warrior vashandi vatakuri, 1,014 imotokari, 161 njanji motokari chivakwa 20 g / D pazviteshi, 7 pfuti, 18 locomotives uye 4 mafuta depots. Vose, mabhizimisi Soviet yakabereka 109 Ndege akadaro.

Yak-9PD

Izvi interceptor aine motor-105PD M, supercharger uye yakawedzera nehafu mita mapapiro. Practical siringi shanduro iri 13 100 km. Muna 1943, inobva Yak-9 5 motokari idzi dzakabudiswa, uye muna 1944, inobva Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

Gore ra1943 rava kunopera, zvakanga akasikwa vanodzima zviviri pasi rokuti Yak-9U: mumwe nepokuongorora injini M-107A, uye mumwe - the M-105PF-2. Mukuwedzera, magadzirirwo uye aerodynamics zvitsigiro shanduro yave nani. Kunorwa vose mhando vakanga vakapa nechepakati pfuti (caliber 23 mm nokuti murwi injini M-105PF-2 uye caliber 20 mm nokuti shanduro injini M-107A) uye peya 12.7 millimterovyh pfuti. Zvakabuda miedzo iri Air Force Institute, mumwe musiyano wezvinyorwa ine injini M-107A kuzivikanwa sezvo akanakisisa varwi kuti vakaedzwa ikoko nokusingaperi. Muna April 1944, vakawanda kweShanduro ndege hwakagadzwa. In kuwa 1944, panguva-mwedzi miviri kutongwa 18 kurwa vezvikepe vakapfura pasi 27 FW-190A uye 1 Bf-109G. Panguva iyo kwaiva chete akarasika vanodzima maviri. The chete zvinokosha zvakaipira muchina kaiva mugove simba chirimwa.

Yak-9UT

Rinomirira Yak-9U nesimba maoko. The ndege akanga vakapakata pfuti zvitatu: nechepakati 37-mm uye maviri 20-mm. Massa salvo kuti murwi uyu wechipiri panguva zvinyorwa nokuda USSR - 6 makirogiramu. Place pakati pfuti yakanga dzibatane. Kuwedzera ane 45 mm mudziyo, zvaigoneka kuwedzera uremu rechipiri volley kusvika 9.3 makirogiramu. Vamwe ndege duku rakasiyana Yak-9U. Nokuti 3 months zviri Serial kugadzirwa wekereke mutsetse akaenda makopi 282. A shoma varwi akakwanisa kutora chikamu mune okupedzisira hondo hondo.

Yak-9 "Express"

Rinomiririra chokufambisa ndege, riri pakatarisana ezvinhu anogona kutakura chimwe mutakurwi. The muenzaniso rava yorudzii kwetunhu pakati distal uye murwi Yak-9DD uye kurovedzwa ndege Yak-9b. In rwemberi kabhini, panzvimbo dashboard uye chidhiraivho vakanga yakaiswa flooring uye mapuranga acho. The ndege yaigadzirwa rimwe chete magazini muzhizha 1944. In akatevedzana, haana akaenda.

Yak-9P

The upgraded shanduro Yak-9U, inozivikanwa zvikuru ano nokukurukurirana mano uye nenhumbi. Kurimwa wokuenzanisira yakatanga muna 1946 uye dzakaguma muna 1948. Vanosvika 801 ndege dzakabudiswa. Yak-9s Vakanga vakabata neSoviet Union, Poland, Hungary, China uye Yugoslavia.

mhedziso

Nhasi, isu akatarira kunozivikanwa ndege - iri Yak-9, iyo Photo inozivikanwa mafeni dzakawanda avhiyesheni michina. Pasinei nokuti muenzaniso rakanyorwa makore matanhatu bedzi, iye akava nomukurumbira nyika nokudzivirira vanopfuura gumi nevaviri maguta Soviet pamuvengi nechisimba. Izvi ndege zviripo uye anokwezva kupfuura gore rimwe vachava mafeni mazhinji avhiyesheni mubhizimisi sechinhu Wallpaper yagadzirwa pa-desktop pako. Yak-9, riri mumaoko zvakarurama dzaigona kuva akakwana pfuti, vakabatsirawo zvikuru zvaitika Hondo Yenyika II.