Zvematongerwo enyika muna USSR mumakore 30 utongi hwechiKomonisiti

Utongi maitiro enyika muna USSR yakaumbwa dzakapoteredza chete munhoroondo makore 30 - Iosifa Stalina. Ndiye danho nedanho akaparadza makwikwi uye kunaka, achitanga munyika kweutongi pachake simba mubvunzo.

MARARAMIRO udzvanyiriri

In makore Soviet wehurumende mangwanani aitungamirira basa bato akatora Lenin. Akakwanisa kudzora mapoka akasiyana-siyana mukati Bolshevik utungamiriri tichiregeredza kwayo kutendeseka. Kwakaitwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyika Civil War. Zvisinei, pakatanga nyika, zvakava pachena kuti Soviet Union aigona zvisisipo vachingotya hondo komiyunizimu, achiperekedzwa zvisingaperi udzvanyiriri.

Nguva pfupi asati afa, Lenin aiva initiator Itsva Economic Policy. Akabatsira kuvakazve nyika pashure pemakore hondo kuparadza. Muna 1924, Lenin akafa, uye Soviet Union yakanga zvakare panguva yokuchinja.

Hondo mukati utungamiri bato

Noudzvinyiriri enyika muna USSR mumakore 30 yava chete kwakadaro nokuti Bolsheviks haana kusika munhu chepamutemo chishandiso kuchinjwa kwesimba. Pashure Lenin afa , kutamburira ukuru vatsigiri vake. The kupfuura simba rerunziro mufananidzo webato aiva noruzivo echimurenga Leon Trotsky. Aiva mumwe zvakananga varongi yaOctober Revolution uye chinokosha wemauto munguva Civil War.

Zvisinei, Trotsky akarasikirwa Hardware hondo Iosifu Stalinu, risina munhu akatora pakutanga kuzvikoshesa. Munyori General (zvino pambiru kwave yavose sezvavakatarirwa) zvinozoita vaibata ose vakwikwidzi dzayo. Trotsky ari muutapwa, uye kunyange kumwe, akanga asina njodzi. Iye vaizourayiwa zvikuru gare gare - muMexico muna 1940.

MuSoviet Union, Stalin akatanga kuronga kutanga kuratidzwa enyika urongwa, izvo akaratidza chii chichava udzvanyiriri muna USSR ari 30s. Akanga gare gare nemhosva uye akapfura Bolsheviks kufona wokutanga. Vaiva vomunguva Lenin vaiva kwemakore akawanda nhapwa namambo akasvika Russia muna yakakurumbira chisimbiso chitima. Vakanga vapfurwa: Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin - vose vakanga vari kupikiswa kana aigona vanoti nzvimbo yokutanga iri mubato.

vakaronga upfumi

Pakutanga kwezana 20-30-ies dzakanga dzatangwa makore mashanu. Urongwa kukura upfumi eSoviet akanga doro yaidzorwa nehurumende centre. Stalin aida kusika itsva rinorema uye uto maindasitiri munyika. Kuvaka hydropower zvinomera uye mamwe kwezvivako ano.

Panguva iyoyowo, Stalin akaronga pezvakaitwa akawanda enyika chokuita inonzi zvipukanana, t. E. The vanhu, kunyanya kugadzirwa pachiteshi. Raiva danidziro udzvanyiriri mukirasi "unyanzvi intelligentsia", kunyanya mainjiniya. Wakapfuurira muitiro of Industrial Party, ipapo Shakhty mhosva uye zvichingodaro. D.

cannibalization

maindasitiri anga kunorwadza zvikuru. Akaperekedzwa pogroms mumusha. Zvematongerwo enyika muna USSR kwemakore 30 aparadza duku akabudirira vanhuwo zvavo, kushanda ari nzvimbo yavo iyo zvokudya.

Asi, mamiriro vakasikwa mumisha rezvizhinji. The mumapurazi akatanga kumativi zvose vanhuwo zvavo. Kusagutsikana vaidzvinyirirwa uye akatumira yechibharo. The musha akava kakawanda zvokutsamwa pamusoro "kulaks", vakanga vakavanda zvirimwa zvavo kubva nezviremera. In kuSiberia uye Kazakhstan vakasungwa mhuri yose.

The Gulag

Under Stalin, mapoka ose vasungwa vakanga akabatanidza kupinda Gulag. Ichatonga zvine mbiri ino kwakaitika panguva pakuguma 30s. Zvino akakurumbira 58th enyika nyaya, iro mazana ezviuru zvevanhu kuwira kumisasa. Uremu repressions muna USSR ari 30s zvaikoshawo, chokutanga, kuti kutyisidzira yevagari, uye chepiri kuti nechokwadi kuti basa nehurumende isingadhuri.

Kutaura zvazviri, vasungwa vakava varanda. mamiriro avo kushanda akanga sina hunhu. Achibatsirwa vasungwa zvakauya zhinji maindasitiri rokuvaka. Special zvezvinotaurwa pachaunga Soviet akaita chiedza kusika Belomorkanal. Mugumisiro nokukurumidza kwemaindasitiri kwakadaro kwave chidzoke reuto-maindasitiri zvakaoma simba uye impoverishment ose kumaruwa. Kuparadzwa zvokurima Akaperekedzwa muhombe nzara.

The anotyisa Great

Stalin kuti utongi hwechiFascist muna USSR mumakore 30 dzaida kugara udzvanyiriri. Panguva ino bato midziyo chakatsiva vehurumende zvachose. Zvematongerwo enyika muna USSR mumakore 30 akaumba kunhivi Zvaitongwa CPSU (b).

Muna 1934 iri Leningrad, akaurayiwa rimwe bato vatungamiri Sergei Kirov. Stalin akashandisa rufu rwake sechikonzero kuchenesa mukati CPSU (b). Takapinda hwokuuraya chinzvimbo uye faira vaKomonisiti. The hurongwa enyika zviri USSR mumakore 30, muna pfupi, zvakakonzera chokwadi chokuti hurumende kuchengeteka mitumbi vanhu akapfura pasi murayiro kubva kumusoro, izvo zvairatidza kuti zvaida nhamba ezvirevo rufu hurumende.

pezvakaitwa chakafanana chakaitika mune hondo. Mariri vakapfurwa vatungamiriri, hondo uye vane chakazvibata nyanzvi ruzivo. In 1937-1938. udzvanyiriri akatora mumwe, uye National hunhu. The Gulag akatuma Poles, Latvians, vaGiriki, Finns, Chinese uye mamwe madzinza vashoma.

vatorwa negwaro

Sapakutanga, ari vatorwa mutemo Soviet Union makore 30 akaisa pachayo huru chinangwa - kuti nyika ive chimurenga. Mushure Civil War, zano iri akawira kuburikidza apo akarasika hondo pamwe Poland. Wokutanga hafu kwake, Stalin dzimwe nhau kwaibva Comintern - Commonwealth mukomiyunisiti mapato pose.

With iri kuuya nesimba Hitler muGermany, Soviet Union kuti yokumwe Mutemo makore 30 rave kuisa pfungwa rapprochement pamwe Reich. It akasimbiswa upfumi pamwe uye nedzenyu vokukurukura. Muna 1939 akanga asaina Molotov-Ribbentrop chibvumirano. Maererano gwaro rino, hurumende hauna kunorwisa mumwe uye yakapatsanurwa Eastern Europe kupinda mabhora ose simba.

Nokukurumidza Soviet-Finnish hondo. Pakazosvika nguva Red Army akanga musoro udzvanyiriri somutungamiriri kwayo. Somuenzaniso, wekutanga shanu Soviet achaunganidza vatatu vakapfurwa. Zvinouraya fallacy mugwaro rino akati zvakare makore maviri gare gare, apo Mukuru Patriotic War.