-70 T (tangi) kare. Magadzirirwo, rondedzero, tangi photos

Vanoda nhoroondo yehondo vanoziva neSoviet T-70 tangi yakagadzirwa naNikolai Aleksandrovich Astrov. Zviratidzo zvemotokari iyi yekurwisana pakarepo inotaura ivo pachavo: iyi nzira yekurwa yehondo yehondo inenge iri nyore nyore.

Kugadzirwa kwetangi idzva rechiuto kwakavhiringidzwa nechokwadi chekurwadza: kuedza kurwisana kwemasvondo uye midzi midzi ye Red Army (mhando kubva T-38 kusvika T-60) mugore rokutanga reHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakaratidza kusagutsikana kwavo.

MunaJanuary 1942, tangi yemakumi manomwe yakaratidzwa kuna Stalin senzira yakasimbiswa yemumiriri wekare weT-60 tangi tafura, uye muna March kuburitsa kwayo kwakatanga.

Muchidimbu TTX yerangi rechiedza T-70

Ngationei maitiro makuru evana vaAstrov:

- kuwanda kwezvombo zvepamberi: kubva pasi - 45 mm; Kubva kumusoro - 35 mm;

- uwandu hwemativi ehondo - 15 mm;

- nhumbi huru: k-20 k koneti ine caliber ye 45 mm (yakashandiswa kare muTangi 50);

- zvombo - 90 mabhomba;

- machine gun 7.62 mm, 15 disks ne 945 rounds;

- maviri mana-stroke matanhatu-cylinder petroli injini ye 70 litita. S;

- Kachimbidza kune nzvimbo yakaoma - kusvika pamakiromita 25 / h, parutivi rwendo - 42 km / h;

- simba rakachengeterwa nzvimbo dzisina kunaka - 360 km, munzira - 450 km;

- pamotokari yemutungamiriri - radio inotumira 12T kana 9P.

Izvo zvakagadzirwa neT-70 pakutanga zvakakosha

T-70 - tangi yeGreat Patriotic War, kukohwa kwayo kunopesana chaizvo. Uye izvi-pasinei nekuti nhamba yematangi akavakwa akadaro (anenge 8,5 maundi mashoma) yaiva yechipiri chete kune yakakurumbira T-34! Chinangwa chekufunga nezvezvakanakira uye kukanganisa kunoratidza chikonzero chikuru chechiitiko chechiitiko uye chekambani. Iyo ibhanal: kazhinji purojekiti isina kutanga uye kukurudzirwa nevashandi vekupedzisira (munyaya iyi mauto) uye hurumende yepamusoro hutungamiri ndekukundikana.

Iko kutanga kwepfungwa yekutarisa kwemauto ehondo - "Hondo inoda chiedza chakanaka!" - yakave yakakanganisa. Va strategist havana kufunga nezvekutarisira kuburitsa Wehrmacht (uye izvi zvakaitika muna 1942) nemapuranga akaenzana makumi mashanu ne75 mm. Muvengi anosimbiswa anogona kukonzera zvakasimba T-70 kubva chero ipi zvayo. Iri tangi rakanga rakaderera kune veGermany "tiger" uye "maperesheni" ane zvombo zvema 75th caliber zvose nekuda kwekudzivirira moto uye nekudzivirira zvombo. Mutungamiri wechishanu weuto rehondo, Katukov M. Ye., Akanyora zvisina kufanira pamusoro pavo kuna Zhukov, achitaura kuti hazvigoneki kushandisa T-70 muhondo inouya yehondo pakatarisana nekurasikirwa kwakarongedzwa kare.

Akasarudza kusarura nzira yekuvaka?

Zvechokwadi, matangi eRussia eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakatanga kusikwa nenzira yebhanji yekuvandudza mhando yekare, pasina kufanotaura kuti hondo yakagadzirwa nevavengi vezvombo zvakagadzirwa nehuchenjeri. Kuenderera mberi kubva pane zvataurwa, kusinganzwisisi kutaura pamusoro pokusakwana kweT-70 kunoratidzika kunonzwisisika. Kungovandudza t-60 tangi - izvo zvakanga zvisina kukwana. Iye zvino, makore anopfuura 70 mushure mekushandiswa kweprojekti yezvombo izvi, tinokwanisa kutotongesa kukanganisa kwechikonzero ichocho.

Chiedza chemasikati (chinyorwa chavo - ichocho uchapupu) chaizova chakanaka pamiganhu yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Yaiva yezvishandiso zvemazuva iwayo zvisingakwanise kugadziriswa tangi yakagadziriswa Astrov. Chikamu chechipiri chakakosha chehwamanda chaiva nekukurumidza, kutungamira kweT-70.

Mune mamwe mazwi, kudiwa kwekutakura matanho emagetsi ehondo pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri kwaive fungiro yevaSoviet vakagadzirisa nguva, kana kukura tactically kana tsika kubva muHondo Yenyika. Arms vatengi vanoda kufungisisa zvakakwana zvemazuva ano kufunga zvemauto!

Kuzivikanwa kukanganisa mukugadzirwa kweT-70 - chiratidzo chekusaziva kwayo?

Kukanganisa kwakafanana kwakange kuripo kune vose vanoda matangi ezuva iroro, saka, tichimhanya mberi, tinoziva chokwadi: hapana mumwe wavo akazobudirira chaizvo muhondo.

Zvose zvitubu zveRussia zveGreat Patriotic War zvakagadzirirwa kurongedzwa nemutungamiri anotungamira Astrov Nikolai Alexandrovich, uyewo T-70. Miedzo yezvombo zvitsva, yakaitwa muna 1941, yakaratidza nzira yekuvandudza tangi:

- Kusimbisa zvombo;

- kushandiswa kwebasa rimwe chete rakagadziriswa rine kaviri hexagonal rimwe chete;

- kusimbiswa kwekutapurika, nzira, kumira kwechishuvo, matairi ekutsigira varidzi;

- kushandiswa kwepfuti huru nemamwe mazuva ano (iyo yekupedzisira haina kumboonekwa).

Chii chandingati? Hazvisi zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvakasikwa mumutambo wekutanga? Ichokwadi here kuti iyo yakakosha yemuenzaniso yaiva mukudiwa neRed Army?

Kusava kwemavhenekera emwenje pahondo kwakaratidzwa nekuvandudzika kwekuvaka tangi: mauto enyika dzakasiyana-siyana, zvishoma nezvishoma, akasiya zvombo zvakadaro zvehondo. Pane kudaro, vakagadzira dzimwe motokari dzakadzivirirwa zvombo, kunyanya dzichiita sechisimbiso, izvo zvisiri zvakare mauto makuru ehondo yehondo. Zvisinei, kune rumwe rutivi, chirongwa chekusika nekugadzirisa T-70 chakave chichigadzirwa.

Serial types

Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ematangi ematombo T-70 yakaitwa muhuwandu hunoenderana nemugadziro wepakutanga wemuumbi Astrov, uyewo shanduro yakashandurwa yeT-70M.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanga dzisingateereri zvombo, uremu hushoma - matani 9.2 uye hupfu hukuru - 90 mabhomba; Chechipiri - chiremera chakakura (9.8 matani), chinobudirira nekuda kwekutsvaga kwekuwedzerwa, kusimbiswa kwezvikamu uye zvikamu. Zvombo zve tangi yakagadziridzwa zvakaderedzwa kusvika makumi manomwe.

Zvechokwadi, yakanga iri magetsi akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana ane zvikamu zvakasiyana, zvisingachinjiki.

Kursk Duga - a fiasco for the tank light T-70

Chaizvoizvo, hondo yaida midzi uye midzi yakasimba inogona kukunda zvakananga mauto ehondo.

Havana kunzwa mabhesi emapato akangodzokororwa asingatenderi uye achipfurwa muchitsime cheColitary Collegium ye Supreme Soviet of Marshal yeSoviet Union Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky: "Hondo yeramangwana ichava hondo yezvigadzirisheni!"

Uye, maererano nekudaro, mishonga yekudzivirira yeU.SR kubva muna 1942 masikati yakabudisa T-70 - tangi iro simba rayo rokurwa muna 1943 raisakwanisa kurwisana nemuedzo wakaoma - hondo isinganzwisisiki yezvokurwisana pedyo nemusha weProkhorovka (Hondo yeKursk Bulge).

Zvombo izvi hazvina kuchengetedza: mazana makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu ezvombo zvevengi anongopinda nyore nyore. Uyezve, tangi yakanga iri pangozi kunyange kune zvisiri zvemauto zveGermany zvombo zvemamiriyoni 37 mm. Itairi tangi yokubatana yakakundwa uye, maererano naizvozvo, kubudiswa kwemazhinji kweT-70 kwakamiswa mushure meKursk Bulge.

Zvisinei, zvisingaverengeki, yakanga iri muchechi wechipiri weGreat Patriotic War, apo Red Army yakanga ichienderera mberi zvisingachinji, kuti vazhinji vevakuru vakuru vehondo vakazvidemba kuti vainge vasati vamboenda kune T-70. Tangi iripo, pasinei nekukanganisa kwakananga, yakabatsira!

Pamusoro pemaitiro akanaka ekurwa kwe T-70

Izvo hazvina kupiwa kupa zviratidzo zvayo kune zvitsva zvitsva. Panguva imwecheteyo, ma-aces ekurwisana kwetangi mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi rakaoma uye akakomberedzwa kunyange akashandisa iyi mhepo yakananga kune imwe mhando yakashongedzwa T-34. Vakasarudza sei sarudzo yakadaro? Chokutanga, zvigamba zveGermany zvine simba uye matangi ane simba zvakafanana zvakakunda T-34 uye T-70. Pamusoro pezvo, pamusana pehukuru hukuru hwechiedza chechiedza, zvinoita kuti uzvienzise kure nehafu yekilometer, asi pamwe neT-34 zvinogona kubva pamakiromita emakiromita.

Uyezve, uchishandisa T-70, unogona kushandisa kushamiswa kwekuti kana uchirwisa muvengi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvose zvakakura IC tank uye midzi yeT-34 yakarambidzwa nekuda kweizvi nekuda kwemamwe mhere inotyisa dizeli.

Pedyo nepamusoro, asingaoneki, tangi yeT-T-70 yakaswedera kumusasa wevavengi munharaunda yakaoma. Mushure mezvose, mutinhiro weine injini yemapine motori inosvika 140 litita. With. Izwi rezwi rakangofanana nemotokari chete. Lieutenant-General Bogdanov akaudza hurumende huru yekudzivirira mauto kuti T-70, nekuda kwekunzwika kwayo pasi, yakanyatsoita basa rekushungurudza muvengi wekudzokera.

Nzvimbo yematangi emotokisi kumashure kweganda yakaita kuti pave nedonation yakawandisa yemafuta paanopinda muchitangi.

Muna 1944, apo matangi anenge 1 500 eT-70 akange ari mumabatanidzi eti Red Redy, OGK yePublic's Commissariat yeHeavy Industry yakataura kubudirira kwayo muhondo dzeguta. "Makumi makumi manomwe" yakanga isingatauriki "faustpatronami" uye grenades pamusana pehukuru hwayo uye kukwirira kwepamusoro.

Manufacturability

Inofanira kuzivikanwa kuti tambo yeSoviet T-70 yaiva imwe yepamusoro-soro inyanzvi mukugadzira kwayo. Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo, yakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvakasara yegasi yeGAZ yakashandiswa. Kubatana kwakagadzirwa kwakagadzirwa nefekitari kupa zvinhu uye zvikamu.

Kugadzirisa kugadziriswa kwakarongeka kune zvombo zvakagadzirirwa T-70, zvakakuvara pamiganhu.

Pakutanga, muumbi Astrov akaisa zvigadzirwa muGorky Automobile Plant.

Muna 1942, vashandi vekufekitari vakabudisa zvikamu 3495 zvechimbo ichi, uye muna 1943 - 3348. Zvadaro kugadzirwa kweT-70 muna 1942 kwakasunungukawo pamutiro 38 (Kirov). Pano, 1378 matangi akadaro akagadzirwa.

Muti weSverdlovsk Nha. 37 wakanga wagadzirirwawo kugadzira tangi.Asi zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingagadziri pano, uye mari yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvesayenzi yakaratidza kuti yakakwirira kwazvo. Kaviri injini dzakawanda dzaidiwa sezvakaitwa T-60, kuita zvombo zvakasimba zvakagadziridzwa zvaive zvakanyanya kushanda. Somugumisiro - mhedziso ine mwero: 10 matangi uye kugadzirwa kunogumira.

Chinangwa chekuona pamusoro pezvakagadzirwa zvetangi

Icho chokwadi chiri pachena: pfungwa yemugetsi unobudirira chiedza pamigumo yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakave yakakwana yeuptop. Nokudaro, basa riri purojekiti yekusika kweT-70 (pasinei nezvakawanda zvepakutanga zvigadzirwa zveunyanzvi, izvo zvatichazozvinyora pamusoro) zvakange zvakafanana nebasa reSisyphean, kureva kuti, raizoparadzwa.

Ngatitangei nechokwadi chokuti matanho eSoviet eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri (uye nenyaya yezvarondedzero yeduwo) yakanga isina, zvisingaoneki zvipingamupinyi zvakajeka, urongwa hwekugadzira, hunofungidzira mapazi mashanu:

- kutungamira;

- motokari (kurudyi - pakati pemuviri);

- Kurwisana (iyo shongwe uye kuruboshwe - iri pakati pehombe);

- zvokudya (uko mabhazi emagetsi uye radiator zvaivepo).

Tangi yaiva nemakamuri akafanana akanga ari pamberi-gumbo motokari, saka chikamu cheschisi chakanga chakatariswa nekuwedzera kunetseka.

T-70 - chiratidziro chemuzinda wemusvingo muBubinka (kuMoscow munharaunda)

Haisi chakavanzika chekuti matangi matsvuku (mifananidzo yeJapan "Ha-Go" neGermany PzKpfw-II, yemazuva ano neT-70, inowanikwa pasi apa) inofanira kugadzirwa ichifunga nezvehutano hwekugadzirira uye kurwisana pamwe chete:

- kugoverwa kwebasa pakati pevashandi (kushanda zvakanyanya kwevakuru vakuru vemagetsi mune vamwe vanhu vanosvika vaviri, iyo yaisanganisira kushandiswa kwevatyairi);

- Kupisa moto kwepfuti kwakaratidza kuti hakukwanisi (yakagadzirirwa tangi yegetsi inofungidzirwa senhovo huru iyo 45 mm yakasvibisa 20-K pakarepo ganamoni yemuenzaniso wa1932).

Avo vanoshuvira kuona muzinga weT-70 nhumbi - chimbo chikuru uye DT-29 mhangura yemahandi pamwe chete nayo - pamwe chete nematanho 7.62 mm - tinokurudzira kushanyira mauto ehurumende yemusvingo (kubinka). Vashanyi venyu musumamende vanogona kuona zvose zviripo nekugadzirisa nhengo dzevashandi.

Mukuru wemauto aiva muimba yemusvingo, iyo yakashandurwa kuruboshwe zvichienderana nechero refu, uye inotorawo kuruboshwe rwepakati pejoko. Maererano nemabasa ake, akatarisa zviito zve mutyairi-mechanic kuburikidza nekutaurirana kwemukati, kutarisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, kupomerwa nekuba kubva pane zvombo uye pfuti yemashonga pamwe chete nayo.

Mutyairi-makaniki akanga ari pamberi pegumbo, mukati.

Sezvo zviratidzo zvemu museum zvakanyatsogadziriswa uye, sezvavanotaura, vari kufamba, vatashanyi vanogona kuona majekiti ekushanda uye T-70 units, zvichiita kuonekwa. Tinorevei patinotaura nezvekushanda kwekambani yemagetsi? Zvakawanda zvemagetsi, zvigadziriswa mukati maro zvakanga zvisingaiti. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa neavo vakashanyira musamu (Kubinka). Izvo zvakakosha kuti uongorore zvakanyatsogadzirisa nzira dzemotokari yakadzorerwa. Zvipire iwe pachako:

- motokari yekushandisa yehutori yekutenderera;

- motokari yekunyora kwekusimudzira pfuti;

- Pakuputika kuputika-mhando dzemakwikwi, iyo yakasara-yakashandura haina kushanda, uye mutungamiri aifanira kuzarura bhuti ndokutorera sleeve inopisa.

Nemhaka yezvikonzero izvi, zvinopesana zvakakwana nehondo, chirongwa chepurogiramu chemoto - kusvika kusvika gumi nemasere paminiti - chakanga chisingawanikwi. Muzvokwadi, T-70 yakabudiswa kusvika kumativi mashanu.

Nenzira iyo, mumusitamende imwechete, iri mumapuranga 6, vashanyi vanogona kuona matangi eFascist Germany: "tiger" uye "vaferi", avo vaipikisa tangi yeSoviet isu tiri kufunga.

Kukurumidza kuchinja, asi ichiri kure nematangi akakwana eSoviet yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, nguva dzose inonakidzwa nehanya nevashanyi.

Tsvina yakakurumbira yeT-70

Kunyanya kune T-70 yakagadzirwa nejini injini GAZ-203. Pamberi iyi injini yeGAZ-70-6004, uye GAZ-70-6005 kumashure. Zvitanhatu-cylinder zvina-stroke injini-dzose dzakadzika midzi kuti dzivandudze kuvimbika uye zvigadzirwa.

Izvo zvakagara nhaka kubva kumutambo wekare wekutengesa T-70 zvakakonzera kuti zvive zvakanaka. Yaiva ne:

- double-disk clutch;

- 4-speed gearbox;

- kadhian shaft yemhando yedanho;

- the conical final drive;

- kubhururuka kwemhepo kunobatanidza multi-disc;

- rimwe chete-row side reduction gears.

Caterpillar T-70 yakave nematokisi 91 ane upamhi hwe 26 cm.

Panzvimbo yekuvharirwa: zvombo zvehondo zvichibva paT-70

Zvisinei, t-70 tangi yakanga isiri yemufananidzo wekufa. Nhumbi dzokuzvidzivirira dzakagadzirirwa SU-76 dzakagadziridzwa nemahofisi emiti yemiti Nhamba 38 (Kirov) pamusana pemagetsi ayo akawedzera. Chimbo chikuru chekudzidzira moto chekudzivirira kwemhepo yakange iri pfuti ye-76-millimeter ZIS-3. Icho muviri chaiwo weT-70 tank yakave iyo yekugadzirwa kwekambani uye maonero.

Kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvitsva kwaishamisa. Muumbi wekutanga Semen Alexandrovich Ginzburg akapomerwa kuti haasi "zvivi" mushure mokunge matambudziko anorwadza eCusco Arc, akashaiwa kodzero yekugadzira, akatumirwa mberi kwaakafa. Ichi chaiva ruoko rweKomisheni wekuvaka tangi, Saltzman, uyo akanga achirwisana naye.Asi zvisinei, hurumende iyi yaida kukurumidza kubudiswa kubva panzvimbo yake nenzira inokurudzira.

Akasarudzwa kuti aende kunzvimbo yake Vyacheslav Alexandrovich Malyshev akasarudza mutsara wekushandurwa kweSU-76, apo vamiririri veGAZ uye mushamba Nhamba 38 vakaunzwa.

Somugumisiro, hurumende yekugadzirisa iyo yakagadziriswa zvakare uye yakatangwa mukugadzirwa kwemahombekombe. Mamiriyoni 75-mm akabvumirwa kubudirira kuparadza vavengi ACS, chiedza chemasikati. Yaivawo yakakosha mukubata ne "heavy panther" yakakura, ichirova chifukidzo chepfuti uye zvombo zvepamberi. Muhondo yekurwisana nemutsva uyezve ane "tiger" akazvidzivirira, SU-76 yakaratidza kuti haina kubudirira kusati kwatanga kuwedzerwa uye pasi-caliber projectile.

Muchikamu chechipiri cha1944, pfuti yeZSU-37-anti-ndege yakaputika pachitisi cheT-70 tangi yakaiswa mubasa neRed Army.

Nhasi, vatori vemateereji vane mukana wekutenga chero mufananidzo weT-70 tangi. Mutengo wemuenzaniso wekutanga (in-kind value) ndiwo mamiriyoni mashanu eruble. Tichareva kuti yakagadzirirwa neyakashandura gear, asi, chokwadi, haina kuitirwa hondo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuvandudzwa kwezvino kuwanikwa kunobva: kubva paganda salon kusvika kune echo sounder.