Muchinda Kiev uye Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

Izvi akangwara uye kure anoona zvakanaka muchinda raitonga youmambo pamusoro Rurik akasiya guru chiratidzo munhau yeRussia. Akakwanisa kutsausa zvake chaizvo kwavabati mugomba raibudirira uye kubudirira mudunhu, iyo yakatanga kuva wakafara zvionera kodzero. Uyewo, akaratidza uchenjeri munzvimbo zvinoitika pashure pokunge agamuchira chigaro muKiev. Asi ayo chikuru munorumbidzirweiko dzekare vanoti Prince Rostislav Mstislavich kudziviswa feudal kusabatana, kuedza kutevera mutemo nenzvimbo uye nenzvimbo nyika Russian. Saka, zvakanga nzira yake youpenyu, uye chii chaizvo kubudirira iye kubudirira, ari mutongi Russia? Funga mubvunzo uyu zvizere.

Pedigree mutsetse

Rostislav Mstislavich zvishoma pamusoro zvingava zvisina kukodzera narrate, aiva mubati Novgorod vana Mstislav Vladimirovich rechitatu. Sources vari dzisingapindirani panyaya paakaberekwa. In akawanda izvi mukufambisira 1100. Rostislav mukoma (Izyaslav) akaberekerwa makore mashomanana akanga apfuura (muna 1097 kana 1098 years). Mai gavhuna remangwana Smolensk dunhu - mwanasikana wamambo Swedish Inge.

Maererano yaMakoronike, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich akagamuchira muna Smolensk kuzvidzora paaiva nemakore gumi chete okuberekwa. Akabhabhatidzwa kuremekedza Arhangela Mihaila, saka muChechi yeOrthodox rinozivikanwa Prince Mikhail Fedorovich.

Maiva muna 1127 zvakanzi kutanga anotaurwa zvinyorwa. Iyi yenhoroondo anoyeukwa zvikurukuru chokwadi kuti uto mubatanidzwa Monomakhich encroached pamusoro miganhu hugota pakati Polotsk uye Rostislav Mstislavich pachake vachifamba muguta Drutsk.

Kana ndakagamuchira nhaka?

Vezvenhau nharo, uye kana mwanakomana Mstislav Vladimirovich akatanga 'kutarisira' mabasa Smolensk weutungamiriri. Vamwe vanoti zvakaitika muna 1125, vamwe - muna 1127. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Rostislav Mstislavich kusvika 1132 muna Smolensk Muiti akaita sababa yake. Saka akanga Mugove "utongi" of Kiev weutungamiriri. Muna 1132 Mstislav akafa, uye mutongi wenyika Russia anova mukoma wake Jaropolk. New Muchinda Kiev anopa mamiriro muranda weutungamiriri pamusoro Smolensk. Jaropolk hugota akagadzirira kubatsira mukutsinhana mutero.

Way kwavabati budiriro

Munguva kubva 30 kusvika 50 makore XII remakore Rostislav Mstislavich kuita zvose zvavanogona kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti nhaka yaakaronzeswa yachinja kuva simba, rakabudirira uye zvemari zvionera. Iye anoita vanokwanisa kuona hope dzavo.

Mwanakomana wokutanga Mstislava Velikogo tinoshandurirwa ndima yaakaronzeswa ari hugota uye pakuzivikanwa se Smolensk machinda. Uyezve, nyika yaakanga yemanyorero zvinosanganisira zvikamu Mogilev, muPskov, Tver, Vitebsk, Kaluga uye Moscow neyenyika. Pakati pezana 30-ies zviri XII remakore chekubva Rostislav ndima anomhanya murwizi Protva, zvinoti yeko Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. Nokudaro, Smolensk hugota riri pakati Rus ukuru, saka zvokunze kutyisidzira akapotsa haana hanya naye. Saka Rostislav Mstislavich, ane Biography anodzidzwa dzakaitika kwete pakuguma, akaedza kuti machinda navaranda yabatanidza pamwe zemshchina, uyo airidza hukuru basa kugadzirisa evanhu uye dzezvematongerwo enyika.

Kugadzirwa Urban Planning

Kusvikira 1125 nhaka kumwanakomana wake Mstislava Velikogo paiva matatu chete maguta: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (muchinda Smolensk) akarayira kuti vateye guta Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, uye kushandurwa pamusoro nguva muguta nemisha akadai Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

Religious kutendeuka urongwa

Kuwedzera mumadhorobha mutemo, muchinda ari mubasa kuchinja nechitendero. Iye deduces kubva Smolensk hugota Pereyaslavlskoy mabhishopi uye pave weruwa self contained "womudzimu".

Kuti avatungamirire kuti kuvimba Prince Bishop Manuel, uye mushure mechinguva akamupa gwaro rinopa zvikuru ropafadzo kereke. Diploma Rostislav Mstislavovitch akabvumira Smolensk Mabhishopu chegumi weutungamiriri hwose mari. Mushure Manuel akava musoro diocese, akanga nokukurumidza akagadza kubvuma Cathedral iri Smolensk, iyo mwanakomana Mstislava Velikogo yakavakwa muna 1101.

Prince makamutswawo anoverengeka zvivako ibwe vechitendero kukosha kuti chaiva chitsva chaiyo Smolensk.

yenhau

Start Smolensk Chronicles akapawo Rostislav Mstislavich. In yaro yepakutanga chimiro Chronicle, zvinosuwisa, kusvikira zvino hauna zvakachengetedzwa, asi zvinotisimbisa Papera nguva achiri pfuma Vanyori ano.

"Smolensk News" kurondedzera upenyu hugota 30 - 60 kwemakore XII remakore, vakatorwa sehwaro kwezvisikwa "renhoroondo Rostislavovich" (Makore 80 ari XII remakore) uye kutaridza Kiev (1200). Mu "The News", zvikurukuru, yakanga ataurwa pamusoro pakagadzwa muna 1136 pamusoro Smolensk diocese uye kutanga ibwe kuvakwa. Kuti 1136 anonzi kuti kutanga yaMakoronike iri Smolensk mudunhu.

Kuumba nharaunda

Apo Rostislav Mstislavich kusashanda sezvo muitiro rokuumba munharaunda. Urban vepamusoro Smolensk inotanga hake zvakawanda nokuda zvivanakire enyika uye kumanikidza ayo kuda muchinda mukuru. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iye anongoti inova semuromo enyika nzira yomunharaunda simba vepamusoro.

Nguva kukakavara

Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk) akararama panguva apo Russia dzakarwiwa yehondo.

Pangosvika pokufa kwababa vake, Prince anobatana varumudzani ayo (Izyaslav uye Vsevolod), kuti ndiwane enyika anopesana babamunini vake Yuriya Dolgorukogo uye mubati Volyn nyika Andrei Vladimirovich. Pangozi nyika Pereyaslyavlskaya. Uye muna 1141 Mstislavich vachinetsana Chernigov Olegovichy kuti vane refu mukana kugara pasi Novgorod uye Kiev choushe. Olegovichy nokukurumidza akatuma kukunda Smolensk. Pashure pemwedzi mishomanana mukoma wake Rostislav Izyaslav akadyara mambo Novgorod munin'ina wake, uye akabva atamira Chernigov. Asi chinangwa chikuru Mstislavich - ndiye Kyiv, umo kurwa kunotyisa Yuri Dolgoruky. Makore gumi rwakatora kunetsana. Rostislav Izyaslav uye vakakwanisa kukurira nyika kubva Yaroslavl uye Suzdal. Kwose kwose vanhu vanotsoropodza uye kubvunza kururama kwemashoko mutemo Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Asi kuti muna 1155 Anokwanisa andobata chigaro muKiev.

Zvisinei, ukama pakati mwanakomana Mstislava Velikogo uye Yuriem Dolgorukim yakawedzera kusvika pokupedzisira. Kiev muchinda dzevakawanda machinda Polovtsian uye anokumbira kuti kuronga kufamba pamusoro Smolensk kwavabati. Somugumisiro, akakwanisa kushandisa urongwa hwake.

Asi Rostislav kusingazununguki simba kumaodzanyemba nyika, uye anoziva Yuri Dolgoruky, saka muzukuru uye sekuru vakasarudza kuwirirana.

Choumambo Kiev

Papera nguva, Rostislav Mstislavich on akamira yakaenzana nehama yake uye sekuru chaizvoizvo inova mutongi Kiev. Prince Smolensky anoita achitonga ari pasi paNebhukadhinezari ake Ryazan nyika. Asi ipapo mukoma Izyaslav akafa. Uye muna 1157 akatanga kushandisa chikuru hugota Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Makore maviri gare gare, vanhu Kiev pamutemo kupa Rostislav kushandisa kwavabati avo chete hwaro. He anobvumirana.

Kutevedza tsika, muchinda inotumira muKiev nhume mbiri Smolensk uye Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Vaifanira kutsvaka chii mazwi kupa kodzero Rostislav chikuru kwavabati.

Paitonga muKiev

Apinza choushe, Rostislav Mstislavich atora zvose kuitira kuti Russia yava dzakabudirira uye nokubudirira mamiriro. Akaedza kumisa internecine hondo, vachinamatira Russian nyika nenzvimbo itsika. Kuva nenguva achidzora simba muKiev, mwanakomana Mstislava Velikogo yakawanda nguva kukura mumudzimu. Ari vachionana mabhishopi, anogara anokoka kuti kunodya zvinenge abbot Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Polycarp uye kunyange kugadzirira mirairo yavo kuzviparadzanisa sero mune yemamongi, kwaaigona oga. Ndicho chikonzero Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch akadana vaizviita. Vanobatisisa mutemo runyararo uye riitike, mubati Russia akunda kuvimba uye kutendeseka eumambo nhamba vatongi korona nyika. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda vaigona kudzidza kubva mwanakomana wake Mstislava Velikogo sei kuti nharaunda yako ibudirire. Munhu wose aiziva kuti iye anogara pachigaro choushe Kiev, vari kufanira payo. Kusawirirana uye hondo vakaedza nzira dzose kudzivisa Rostislav Mstislavich. The vatorwa wokuti mutongi Russian aivawo murugare. Kunyange vavengi husingaperi Polovtsy akaedza kwete sembura ukama. Asi vamwe machinda appanage Polovtsian akanga dzimwe nguva airwisana. Prince zvakare sangano rutsigiro rwemauto pamusoro Lithuania, uye zvikuru kubudirira.

Novgorod

Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura Board Rostislav Mstislavovitch mwanakomana wake anotanga bvikinyidza muromo Novgorod yeko. Pane nguva apo Svyatoslav (mwanakomana Rostislav Mstislavovitch) haachagoni ushe yakazvimirira kwavabati. Zvino Muchinda Kiev, pachake akatuma Novgorod, kuwiriranisa vagari pamwe nemwanakomana wake. Driving kuburikidza Smolensk, akaona kufara mutongi wavo uye vanhu vake akavagamuchira.

Asi kusvika Toropets, Rostislav Mstislavich (Muchinda Kiev) zaneduzhil uye akarayira Nhume akatuma Novgorod mwanakomana wake, saka kuti akanga mumiririri Novgorod vepamusorosoro kunosangana naye Luke Great. Pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuwiriranisa Svyatoslav vagari, achibva aenda kuna ake chizvarwa Smolensk, gara zvishoma nehanzvadzi yake Rogneda. Pasinei nokurwara ake, Prince nokukurumidza akakurumidza kuenda Kiev, kureva mabasa ehurumende. Asi kusvika iye uye vakakundikana "mai maguta Russian." Rostislav Mstislavovich utano zvakakomba hwaipa, uye muchirimo 1167 pamusoro munharaunda musha Zaruba (Smolensk) awa yake. Aifanira kureurura asati afa uye vachiungudza mupristi Simeon kuti kare haana kubvumirwa kuita mhemberero kuti tonsure. muviri Muchinda wanunurwa kuna Kiev akavigwa wemamongi Theodore, sekutonga kwaakaita. Simba huru weutungamiriri aifanira kuenda mwanakomana wake Roman, aitonga Belgorod. Asi pashure akafa Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk), pakati mwanakomana wake uye machinda Suzdal, dzakanga inotungamirirwa Andrew Bogolyubskii, zvichaitika rinovava kutamburira chigaro.

mhuri

Details upenyu mhuri Kiev uye Smolensk gavhuna haawanzoitiki. It kuchiri mubvunzo chakavanzika kwakazvarwa akaroorwa Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk machinda), uye kana aiva dzimwe mhuri. Kutaurwa vanakomana vake kuonekwa kokutanga zvinotisimbisa makore 40-50 ane XII remakore. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich akaropafadza muchato mwanakomana wake Roman, uyo akaroora mwanasikana Svyatoslava Olgovicha, aitonga nyika Seversk. Muna 1154 Muchinda Kiev uye Smolensk anopa navanakomana vake Dhavhidhi uye nhaka Roman Novgorod. Vakura uye mudiki - mubvunzo rakashama. Maererano yaMakoronike, David akaberekwa muna 1140.

Mumwe mwanakomana akafa muna 1170, asi hauzivi kuti ndiani. Rostislav Mstislavovitch mwanakomana muduku, Mstislav Hrabry, akaberekwa nepakati 40s uye nemakore 60s, akaroora mwanasikana Gleb Rostislavich, uyo akatonga munyika Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry nhaka yakanakisisa unhu sekuru vake. Kubhabhatidzwa mwanakomana muduku Rostislav Mstislavovitch ainzi Fedor.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Kiev uye Smolensk muchinda aiva nevanakomana vashanu uye vanasikana vaviri. Sources vanoti chete anenge mumwe mwanasikana, Elena. Muna 1163 akava mukadzi Muchinda Krakow Leszek White, uye pashure akafa muna 1194, Helen akava mutongi dzakazara muguta wePolish. Rostislav Mstislavovitch mwanasikana akafa muna 1198.

mhedziso

Panguva yaitonga Muchinda Kiev uye Smolensk vanova iconic munhoroondo Russia yekare. Kuti Akaita izvozvo kuti vatongi zvemisoro vakaguma kupopotedzana pakati pavo. Rostislav Mstislavich - mumiririri raitonga youmambo, izvo haana kuisa zvido dzakavanzika uye paruzhinji pakutanga, mukusiyana vazhinji hama dzake. Akakwanisa kumutsa kunyange yakakwirira simba nechiremera mumaziso vanhuwo zvavo.