Musoro nhetembo uye kuongorora "Monument" Lomonosov

Where kutanga kuongorora kwedu nhetembo "Monument" Lomonosov? Kutaura zvazviri, kutonga nezvinooneka rokuremekedza, autobiographical zvinoriumba basa rinokosha mariri. How kutanga munhu vanoziva nzira youpenyu iri zvikuru akanaka munhu?

Vakapukunyuka usiku muna 1730 kubva mumba pachivande kubva zvose hama pakati pousiku-makore 19 mukomana ... Pamberi pake nzira kure nezviuru zvemakiromita. Ari akapfeka shabby jasi, akandwe pamusoro kumusoro hembe yake. Mugwagwa knapsack, kunze chimeduchetechechingwa uye kupembedza hembe, Mascot kwayo kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva: azvipiwa muvakidzani Smotritsky girama uye svomhu Magnitsky.

Ndianiko, mukomana Lomonosov basa "Monument" izvo, akanyora namanomwe makore akazotevera, akafuridzirwa uye anofuridzira zvakanakisisa vanyanduri of Yababa? The mushingi, uyo akatanga kukunda kwake Sciences pamwe falsification magwaro kuratidza kuzivikanwa kwake. Sei anotarisira, kuzvipira sei! Vanonyanyisa, kuverenga masikati nousiku, pamwe anozviramba kugutsikana zvinodyiwa - sendi rimwe zuva. Murume wechidiki ane tisaone ndangariro uye kumusoro ari IQ, kumanikidzwa kurarama kubva muruoko muromo, kudya chete chingwa kvass hungu, asi zvakadaro hauna kuponesa papepa uye makenduru ...

Name University - kuzvikudza Yababa

Lomonosov ... "Handina shongwe. pasina nemaoko ..." - vakatevera inoenderana naye pashure pemakore 90 inoti Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Recognition of Yababa Mikhail Vasilyevich, munhu here zvinoshamisa munhu - yekudyidzana. musayendisiti wokutanga Russian - nyika-kirasi musayendisiti; kuzivikanwa weduramanzwi; muvambi chikoro wokuRussia zvesayenzi, imwe nyanzvi; murume uyo nheyo ano Russian geologist, geographer, wenhoroondo, nyanduri ...

rokusika tarenda

mupiro Its kuti paumbwe Lomonosov akanyora Russian National nhetembo. "Monument" .... The kuongorora Nhetembo iyi inoratidza chete chikamu tarenda rake guru. Zvisinei, haana chete vane mabhuku chipo neMhedziso. Lomonosov nesayenzi chinja kukura kunenge kuti chinobudirira yokuronga patsva enhetembo mabhii ari Russian, bhuku rake zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe semupi musuo munyika wenhetembo kuti vadetembi zhinji ..

"Monument" Lomonosov - ndima chairo. Iye - yakatarwa uye kutobaya, sezvo rinomira, sezvo, chaizvoizvo, rwiyo pamatunhu nhetembo. basa rake - kuti ipe nyaya pachena makore enhetembo basa.

Musoro nhetembo "Monument" Lomonosov - mashoko mamiriro basa Russian nhetembo, uye - Kutsunga zvemashoko ari versification. Mikhail akava muitisi weChidzidzo Russian mabhuku chekare, mashoko ake uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, misimboti, tsika, unhu. Ugari - ndicho credo mabhuku kuti anoti Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Nhetembo, ane ongororo inoratidza aikwanisa, simba dzakura enhetembo netarenda ayo munyori, ndiyo unoshamisa chakajairika muchiRussia nhetembo.

Zvichitevera University nyanzvi mukuru hurumende mberi

Lomonosov "zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe" mukuwirirana nemitemo "Nounyanzvi Poetry" Horatian, akaratidza kuchinja wokuRussia versification. In ake "Shongwe" mudetembi dzisinganyatsooneki zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika pasina nokuputsa Horatian werudzii, akachingamidza pakagadzwa munhu veruzhinji mu Russia pasi Emperor Peter I.

chigadzirwa pfungwa pachayo vakabuditsa. Russia, nokuti ayo nhoroondo basa, chokuita Third Rome. Saka, mukuwirirana uku, nzwisa wokuRussia mabhuku budiriro muitiro kutsvaka nayo munhoroondo Rome yekare! Hazvina pfungwa iyi anofanira Lomonosov ( "Monument").

Nhetembo, uyo ongororo inoratidza kuti ndiwo chizaruro nyanduri, zvichiratidza basa romunyika yake inofanira kugara kumusoro nhetembo.

In wawo "Monument" Lomonosov - dzakafuridzirwa ndima, vane bhuku - ane ode kuti nyanduri naiizvestneyshego ichatonga zvine mbiri weRoma mabhuku Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, munyori Anokwanisa organically kubatanidza kusingaperi tsika uye nzira Russian okukura. Zvisinei, chikuru pfungwa shanduro - kufumura yakafanana nzira kukura mabhuku Russia uye Roma.

Huru misiyano pakati Lomonosov kuti "Monument" uye Horatian ode "To Melpomene"

Mikhail, vachinyatsoongorora akachengetedzwa kubva muvambi ukoshi zhiznestroitelnoy uye aesthetic Manifesto, panguva iyoyo kubva anakreontiki ake, kureva lyrical okurumbidza mufaro muupenyu. Two-mabhii iambe, anenge rhyming mitsetse, achishandisa mashoko nemaune - anachronisms Lomonosov inowana yakajeka, mutambo, yakagadzirwa kwamagwaro pfungwa. Oda akasiyana strofikoy yakatsiga uye nemishonga mita dzaanofanira saka nazyvaey "odic seakafuridzirwa". Zvaiita chaizvo dzakatarwa.

Historical ezvinhu zvakasikwa zviri ode

Kudivi redu, kwaizova hanya haana kuyeuka nhoroondo ezvinhu umo nhetembo rakanyorwa. In Eastern Europe kusvika 40-s yacho XVIII remakore somugumisiro pakati zvokuchinja Petra Velikogo akavaka simba, centralized Russian Empire, kushingaira ubatanidzwe pani-European zvematongerwe. Patinoita ehurumende kuchinja inopiwa kukunda hwokugadzira uye upfumi backwardness kunyika vaitungamirira European: Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France. Russian kwamachinda, kirasi mutongo rakaumbwa uye rakabatanidzwa European tsika. Vosled nokuti rudzi-building, systemic kuchinja vakaitwa uye unyanzvi uye, kunyanya mabhuku.

Peter chaizvoizvo Ndakakwanisa kumutsa uye vanounganidzira nokuumba nyika hombe kuti tezisno rinotaura mu ode yake "Monument" Lomonosov. detembo iri rinopa zvikuru ruremekedzo hunhu kuchinja Emperor kwatiri sezvinoita "kutonga vanhu." Pamwe ndosaka akaburuka munhau sezvo Peter Mukuru? Tisingatauri chokwadi yokutanga Russian Emperor Mikhail anotaura mufananidzo wake, kana tichienzanisa weRoma Davnusom.

Vanochinja Lomonosov nhetembo, Horace. "Monument" - korona basa ravo

Vose nyanduri: munyori yepakutanga "Shongwe" uye muvambi kutapurirana ake, uye Horace, uye Lomonosov - vanochinja zvinhu neimwe yayo National ezvinhu versification. Horace kuvamumwe runobva kushandisa Alcaic muchiLatin nhetembo. Lomonosov - kutanga wokuRussia syllabic-tonic versification musimboti, kukura yemashoko akasiyana mutinhimira hurongwa wokuRussia nhetembo. Pushkin haana kuzvarwa asi, uye iambe tetrameter, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye mirawu versification, kare dzakabudirira. Unofunga chii? The mubvunzo, Chokwadi, isina mhinduro ...

Semunhu mapurani, ake mutauro waamai, sezvinoita nyanzvi, musayendisiti, Mikhail zvakanyatsorongwa kushandurwa, uye chokwadi - yave akasika zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe yomutauro wokuRussia.

Pfungwa odes pamusoro Horace «Exegi monumentum ...»

Inoshamisa consonance mabhuku transformations muRussia, Mikhail Vasilyevich akazoita, nesangano rechiLatin nhetembo pakati Horace iri yendarama zera mabhuku Roman. Okufananidza kuongorora University nhetembo "Monument" sezvo yava kuzivikanwa kubvira Renaissance, yechi30 Horatian ode ( «Exegi monumentum ...») inosimbisa izvi.

musiki Its akaburuka munhau somunhu nyanduri-mugari, philosophically kutsanangura nzvimbo yaro munhau uye hurumende. (Akauya ode iyi chetatu ake "nhetembo sayenzi" chikuru basa.) Ainyanya pfungwa: mudetembi anokwevera vavariro okugadzira zvinhu rehurumende, uye mamiriro, akavapindurawo, anogamuchira kubva kwaari nokuda Huchidetemba mufananidzo chaiwo, kushevedzera mukurumbira wake, glamour.

Chii chakanakira Horace nyika wenhetembo? Horace, murume "uyo akazviita" musiki sayenzi unyanzvi nhetembo, aiziva kuti munyika, "pane nzvimbo, kwete rakacherwa pabwe." Kana madzimambo vanafarao hwavanokonzera pachavo cyclopean zvivako, mudetembi - tenzi mimhanzi pave mundangariro dzacho "zviratidzo kusafa" zvokunamata - mabasa avo. Mabasa Ava isingachinji, unobata mweya yevanhu kumarudzi akasiyana, yakadai pfungwa uye neshamwari. Saka, zita nyanduri hachipindi yokukanganwa. pfungwa iyi yaiva muRoma mukuru chaizvoizvo akazivisa ode yake "To Melpomene".

Kwakadaro Horatian, asi kugadziridzwa kuti chaizvo Russian, maonero nhetembo kupinzwa basa rake "Monument" Lomonosov. Nhetembo kungatova epigraph «Sapere aude» ( «vanoumba pfungwa dzako kundotenga uchenjeri"). Vision Vasilyevich Mikhailov nzira kugadzira mabhuku Russian iri rinenge rakaenderana Horatian. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti Lomonosov uye Horace vakagoverana makore gumi zana!)

History kuti stanzas pamusoro Horace yave kupindamo ...

Zvisinei, makore 250 asati aberekwa Lomonosov mudetembi Italian Francesco Petrarca, anozivikanwa mufananidzo Katurike Italian Renaissance yaitonga, akatotanga kusikwa, kuona simba Horace, nhetembo yake (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). Inonyanya kufarirwa rokusika nhaka European vadetembi yeRoma, uyewo Mikhail Vasilyevich akanga Horatian rechitatu bhuku "Science pamusoro Poetry", izvo chete rine ode "To Melpomene".

Lomonosov - muvambi mabhuku tsika goratsionskoy

The Kuongorora nhetembo "Monument" University iri vhoriyamu iri pamakumi nguva kupfuura kukura nhetembo. Iri pfupi, asi zvikuru capacious. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuti nhetembo Mikhail pedyo mumweya yakakurumbira ode "To Melpomene" Quintus Horatius Flaccus.

Gadzira shanduro yepakutanga kwamabasa Roman, kusonganirana pacharwo pamwe nevamwe, apo anoratidza mupiro wake pachake kuti mabhuku ... Horatian enhetembo tsika iyi ndakazvisika Lomonosov. Moral kodzero kuramba mashomanana akanga mudetembi Russian Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Atova XVIII - XIX remakore, akasika ake ose shongwe Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Rudzii muitiro unogona kuonekwa Kushandurwa University of shongwe Pushkin Monument? basa Lomonosov zvaJehovha pamutemo - Roman uye Pushkin akataurawo chete "pamusoro mukuru Russia." Zvichida chete Alexander Sergeevichem yomukati chigadzirwa pfungwa inochengetwa, uye anonzi Alexandria nembiru somunhu kuenzanisa.

Yakatarwa ode

The Kuongorora nhetembo "Monument" Lomonosov pamutemo kwatiri redirects kuti kuburitsa Horace wavo kubudirira mune nhetembo, kuzivikanwa Roman munzanga uye hurumende. Ivo vakatevera suit pashure guru muRoma, mazita uye Mikhail. Zvisinei, tinoona kuti Lomonosov haisi wezvokukurukurirana - nemamwe. Just mavambo lomonosovkogo enumeration zvemashoko mukuru hweRoma Wokusingaperi asati haisi kupofumadza retelling yavo. Mavambo pamusoro pfungwa Mikhail pakushandisa tikaenzanisa achizvicheka Horace, uye Russia neRoma, kuudza ruzhinji pamusoro kubudirira basa rake. Iye pachake ane zvakafanana dhigirii kwake Horatian lieraturoy! Saka, raishanda ndima dzose akanyora nziyo yake chokuita kare pamwe Russia uye munhu.

The Kuongorora nhetembo "Monument" Lomonosov akanyorwa ode kuti Genre, anoti mutambo nebudnichnost chorugwaro - ari maitiro zviri ode. Ndima idzi dzinoratidza kuverenga kwavo paruzhinji.

Lomonosov chirongwa mabhuku Russian se "chiratidzo kusafa"

Musumo ode Mikhail anonyora pamusoro kusikwa enhetembo "chiratidzo kusafa." Izvi zvinorevei pachinhu ayo mabhuku dhigirii, zvipo kwakadaro kune unyanzvi Horace?

Kutaura zvazviri, pamusoro vaurayiwa basa rakasikwa munhu akarayira mutauro Russian wayo rakasiyana werudzii hurongwa, nenhungamiro rinopindirana versification, Genres akatanga coherent hurongwa, vachiuya zvose chiratidzo - chiratidzo anoti Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Kuongororwa inogara kukosha chipo ichi kuti reeks slovestnosti anoratidza kusiyana Russian classicism. Kusiyana European classicism, Russian ari XVIII remakore ukasavimba kukura wechipfuwo mabhuku tsika. Asi Lomonosov akanga yakataurwa kwayo arayira. Ndiko, akavonga Mikhail Vasilievich, ari XVIII remakore Russian mabhuku dzidziso mberi kwake tsika.

Mudetembi haufi munyika yekwake

Heino imwe "chiratidzo kusingaperi" yakadaro zvechokwadi - gadziriro wakakwana versification wakapiwa vadetembi zvose - venhaka yake Lomonosov. Uyewo, mutauro mukuru Russian riri kubva nguva. Zvinonzi kusimbisa nyanduri - musayendisiti zvinoreva rinowanzogamuchirwa kuzivikanwa chiratidzo dzisingaperi - the mapiramidhi. Artwork Lomonosov "Monument" anoti njodzi Nyanduri - mugari akasungwa zvisingaverengeki ukama kwavo, chiri zvakabatana chaizvo nayo. Iye, kufanana kunozivikanwa Antaeus, kuwana simba kubva kunyika. High okugadzira zvinhu havagoni kuvimba nehurumende uye anofanira kushumira izvozvo, anoti Mikhail.

Chii chakafanana unhu University uye Horace?

Sezvinotevera kubva University ndangariro kushanda detembo "Monument", iye, somunhu nyanduri, nokunyatsodzidza zviri Horatian ode, akasangana pehama midzimu Horace vamwe mhando. Kufanana nomudetembi wechiRoma, Mikhail akatanga basa rake rakadzika mumagariro strata. Mubasa zvose mudetembi akanzwa citizenship chemhando chinzvimbo. Vose pachisikirwo avo workaholics wavo noruzivo versification - anobatsira vamwe vadetembi.

Kuwana kunzwisisa mudzinza Lomonosov kuti "Monument", izvo zviri pamutemo totaura chiso nyanduri evaRoma, zvechokwadi vanonzwa Deja Zveushe pamwe Russia iri XVIII remakore, ayo nhetembo.

University basa rakaramba vadetembi

Iye, kufanana Horace, pasina kuzvininipisa kwenhema uye kwawakarerekera kuenderana kubatsira mabhuku vaimutevera, kureva, remangwana mabhuku muitiro. Anoziva - basa rake achava kudiwa nguva dzose, pamabasa ake chinorondedzerwa huru zvataurwa kukura nhetembo, izvo vaizongoguma kuramba vateveri. Naizvozvo, Lomonosov, vakatevera suit pashure yeRoma mukuru, wechipiri "regai ndafa ..." Iye, vachitevera Horace, runokusunganidzai kuyevedza kukudzwa ehurumende. Muna detembo Lomonosov anoshandisa shoko "Roma", kunyange pasi akachenjera muverengi kuti anoona "Russia".

mhedziso

Analysis ndima "Monument" University zvinotiratidza kuti nguva apo Russian dzenhoroondo nhetembo ari okukura padanho. It asati yakashongedzwa renyeredzi pakati chinopenya vadetembi ari XIX remakore: NA Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Hatina mariri kwavo namashoko pamwoyo, achidanidzira vanhu runako, kururamisira, uye vanhu ...

Asi usakanganwa kuti Russian goridhe renyeredzi vadetembi nayo kubva paYunivhesiti chipo chinokosha - munhu coherent Dzidziso zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe uye vakatanga nyanduri-nyanzvi mitemo versification. Pushkin kwaiita iambe tetrameter yagadzirwa iri yokusika murabhoritari Mikhail Vasilyevich.

University chisingarambiki nomupiro chinokosha Russian nhetembo ari chete kuratidza kuti nhetembo yake "Monument".