Muvambi vokuPoland wehurumende. Paumbwe vokuPoland mamiriro

Pakupera ari IX remakore isingazivikanwi wenhau, mazita Bavarian geographer, yakashuma necheSalvic dzemadzinza mapoka kurarama pamahombekombe ari Vistula rwizi, kuti Warta uye Oder, uye ari kuita yakakura bani munyika Central Europe. Pakutanga oga madzinza necheSalvic kumadokero zvinyorwa kuti zita lechites Kwapera sezvo vakadaidzwa glades, musoro rimwe marudzi akasimba; ukabuda wendarama wePolish mamiriro Mieszko I.

dzinza

madzinza voga mumwe lechites kutongwa machinda mazita kare haana vakachengetedzwa. Modern dzekare kuziva mashoko rimwe chete, izvo inyaya Pedigree wevatongi kurudzi glades. Izvi imhaka yokuti kundoongororwa pamwe nhevedzano kubudirira vemauto akavhiyiwa uye marudzi subordinating pedyo pachavo, vanosarudza dislodge kubva kuyeuka akakurira mazita vatongi vavo, uye kuchengeta tsika dzavo munhau. Muzana XII remakore sahwira Gallus Anonymus akanyora waiita ngano yavabati munda, sezvo vakanga vari Ages yaMakoronike. Maererano kusazivikanwa, vachatonga Gniezno Duke Popiel, vakanga waakadzinga. Akanga yakatsiviwa Semov vasina kuchengeta yakakwirira munzanga, uye akanga ari mwanakomana nyore Murimi Piast. Semov uye kupa Pyastovichey youmambo, izvo akatonga nokusimbaradza Gniezno. Hazvina muchinda uyu uye vadyi venhaka yake, Lestko Semomysl uye vakava madzitateguru Mieszko I.

prerequisites

Ungangove, Mieszko pamusoro Ndakakuumba simba rayo kwete kubva muvare. Unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti nhoroondo Polish wehurumende akatanga refu asati aberekwa muchinda, uye aimbova kwomuchinda hwedzinza akatotora zvinokosha matanho centralize simba. Mieszko madzitateguru ndakanga dzakabatanidzwa kunyika nhaka minda nawo madzinza kuvyan, mazovshan, lendzyan. Ari dzatorwa dzakavakwa masvingo - Grod. Mune dzimwe nyika Grod riri chinhambwe 20-25? Km kubva mumwe, kuti, panguva kurwa boka racho. hondo Strong uye centralized utariri vakanga yairwirwa zvikonzero mukuwedzera uye nokusimbaradza nesimba mumunda. Asi nzvimbo huru, wetlands uye safambika masango nomusango akabvumira yakakunda madzinza vanochengeta rebei rusununguko. Mauto havana kushandura nzira youpenyu akabatwa marudzi, uye munharaunda mitero kwakaitwa vanhuwo zvavo, uyo vakaunganidza varanda yomuchinda. Saka, muvambi vokuPoland wehurumende akanga chikwereti zvakawanda vamutangira, uyo muna mbiri remakore radarika akasika kudzora hurongwa.

Pakutanga ushe

Mieszko aiva mwanakomana Semomysla, zita ramai vake inoramba isingazivikanwi. Pakutanga ushe Mikoko 960, apo remangwana muvambi Polish wehurumende akatanga kutonga hugota pakati Greater Poland pakati Gniezno. Makore gumi gare gare, akapotsa nekaviri nzvimbo munyika pasi yayo kuzvidzora, annexing nharaunda Mazovia, Kujawy Pomerania uye Flughafen. 982 gore rakanga musi kukunda muSilesia, uye 990 d dzakabatanidzwa vislyanskie kupishinura nyika. Matanda kukunda akatanga kutora ngozi hunhu. In Western uye Arab manyuko, paiva mishumo ane simba necheSalvic ezvinhu ane simba simba uye uto vakanyatsodzidziswa. Saka, zvinofungirwa kuti vokuPoland mamiriro rakaumbwa muna X remakore, kana Holdings Polish rakatsaurirwa kwazvo uye nesimba, muchinda wake navaranda vakagamuchira chiKristu.

Kuitwa Christianity

Pasina kuitwa chiKristu Mieszko pakati I muna 966 hwaizodai paumbwe vokuPoland wehurumende. Rwakakura vatorwa wokuti Prince kwakaita kuti kusvinwa ukama nawo anoti. Emperor Otto ari I parried ari kuedza kukunda nyika clearings lyubushan uye Mieszko kuti ndakabvuma kubhadhara mutero gavhuna ichi. Panguva iyoyowo muchinda hwapedyo uye-Czech Polish pabonde. Kusimbisa ukama Czech umambo, Mieszko akaroora mwanasikana waMambo weBohemia Princess Dubravka. Two vavakidzani simba - Hutsvene hweRoma uye Czech Republic, muchinda kwakatungamirira chisarudzo kutendeutsa kuchiKristu. Rubhabhatidzo rechiLatin tsika Prince Mieszko akatora muna 966 kuitwa chiKristu chamuita kuti chokwadi kuti yokutanga Polish mamiriro akanga vakaziva vomunguva yake European chechetere.

Nzira vokuPoland mamiriro

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa-Lithuanian Polish State yaigarwa imwe nharaunda dzinenge 250 sq. M. ? km. More chaizvo hazvibviri, sezvo miganhu rekuUnited nyika dziri dzichichinja. Vazhinji vanacho paaivatambudza kurima. The kupfuura zhinji vakawanda kwaisanganisira rukoko Kmet varimi vakasununguka. Kmet kurarama mumhuri yakakura, uye nharaunda nharaunda. Pashure kubatanidzwa kwemadzinza pakati vemunharaunda achiripo, uye kuti chamuita kuti administrative weboka wePolish dzacho, uye gare gare kuitwa chiKristu chete musimboti akarara weboka munharaunda kupinda dioceses.

administrative kupesana

Duku administrative weboka kwechikuva chacho kwakanga Grodsky District. Akanga aidzorwa vamiririri Prince, vane uzere administrative, zvechiuto nezvakatongwa masimba. Vakapona kutaurwa mana nzvimbo dzakadaro muguta Gniezno, Poznan, Geche uye Wloclawek. Izvi ndipo uto nokudzidziswa nhoo-vatakuri uye varume maoko, vaiva nomuzongoza wehondo wePolish. Kana zvakakodzera, mauto kuenda uye kubva vose vakasununguka vanhuwo zvavo. Maererano ayo chombo uye kunodzidziswa zvechiuto revarwi izvi akasvimha varwi kwomuchinda navaranda, asi zvave vakabudirira kushandiswa ubanguranyika uye remagandanga kurwiswa. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofungidzira kuti pakutanga ari XI remakore, uwandu hondo I Mieszko aitarisira 20 zviuru. Man.

Emari Poland yekare

Zviri hondo huru uye vakarongeka paidiwa vachiwana mari aibuda. Kuti vave nechokwadi munyika kudzivirira uye Nokuchengeta ndakabatikana nyika, Prince Mieszko kuti I akasika munhu streamlined fiscal midziyo, iyo mubasa muunganidzwa nokuparadzirwa mitero. Mutero kuna vose vokumaruwa munyika iri muchimiro zvibereko mhuka minda uye kurima. Chimwe zvireruke zvemari yave kuparadzira "zvishongo" - siyana kodzero zvikurukuru zvinobatsira sectors upfumi basa. Achibuda vaiva: coinage, migodhi anokosha nesimbi misika Unit uye mahotera, dzimwe mhando kunovhima. Huru ekisipoti zvinhu zvaiva furs, rinopenya uye varanda. Asi pakazopera XI remakore, kukura zvokurima kwaiva zvinoda kuramba mutsika basa, uye kukura zvechechi unorambidza kutengesa muvanhu. Naizvozvo, pashure muranda akarega kuva XI ekisipoti maatomu akafanana, uye pakupedzisira akamira zvachose.

Mugumo rokutonga Mieszko ari I

Sezvo dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope, kodzero kwomuchinda chigaro vakapfuura. Zvisinei, kodzero primogeniture asina wakazviparadzanisa ndima Polish, vakanga kakawanda nokuti daka pakati zvichibvira Vakwikwidzi chigaro. Muvambi wePolish wehurumende akanga hama mbiri, mumwe uyo akaurayiwa muhondo, uye wechipiri, Chtibor, akabata mukuru pambiru. Kufa, Mieszko ndakasiyira chikamu mamiriro mumaoko matangwe mwanakomana Boleslav. Uyu mwanakomana akaburuka munhau sezvo Boleslav Hrabry. The nhaka baba vake, akanga dzakabudirira, mupfumi, nyika huru huru dzakawanda simba. Uye shure refu dzinotevedzana kukunda uye vakakurirwa, Boleslav Hrabry akava mambo wePolish mamiriro wokutanga.