Russian inowanzorimwa chengetedza: Pamazita

Munyika yanhasi, tinowanzoverenga kukanganwa pamusoro yakapoteredza zvakasikwa, achitarisa zvakawanda izvozvo gore negore. Kukura guta, motorways itsva dzinovakwa, displacing hwedu dzinongoitika uye akanaka nharaunda. Basa richengetedzwe dzinongoitika kasvisto uye fauna of vakaedza chaiwo mundima - reserves. In nyika yedu, isu takasikirwa anopfuura zana akadzivirira nzvimbo, hunhu hwemunhu uye Prairie Russia ndiwo nzvimbo inokosha ino.

Chii kuchengeterwa?

Reserve vaizvitora mumwe mugove pedyo (kana mvura), mukati iro inochengeterwa zvose zvakasikwa dzakaoma kwakakwana uye zvakasikwa chimiro.

Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti okutanga kuedza kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza zvave kare III remakore BC, muSri Lanka. Zvaiva imomo kuti yakabudiswa pakutanga munyika murayiro pamusoro kudzivirira mhuka. The nzvimbo yokutanga kuchengetedza chinzvimbo akazviratidza XIII remakore muna Ifriqiya, apo imba youmambo Hafsid kurambidzwa dzinovhima pedyo mumwe madhamu.

Nemaonero mutemo panguva Russian, Russian mamiriro zvakasikwa reserves - dzinokosha masangano nesayenzi zvakatangwa kuchengetedza uye kudzidza dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa uye zvipenyu nehurongwa.

Zvinangwa uye Zvinangwa

All Russian akadzivirira hunhu hwemunhu vakazvigadzirira zvinangwa:

1. Pakuchengetedza Gene dziva kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.
2. Ndichengetedze dzinongoitika zvinhu zvipenyu akavimbika.
3. Kuramba kusiyana chirimwa uye mhuka nemunharaunda.
4. Implementation kutsvakurudza mune vivo.

National Parks All kuRussia, uye kwete chete muRussia, yakavakwa pamusoro ichocho. In mamiriro avo unogona kukamurwa huru zvikamu zvitatu:

• Tichengetedze chinoumba;
• buffer (SF) mapazi;
• akadzivirira mapazi (kuchinja pakati chaiko kuchengeterwa uye pedyo kudzivirirwa dzine).

Uye guru matura Russia uye duku nourongwa hwakadaro. Izvi zvikamu zvitatu yo zvivako dzakasiyana chinzvimbo uye kukura.

Nhoroondo Russian hunhu hwemunhu

Anenge zvose reserves Russian, izvo ndiwo mazita uchawana munyaya ino, imwe nzira kana imwe, vane nhoroondo refu kwayakatangira.

Wokutanga mapazi zvakadaro Russia yakaumbwa muna 1917. It Barguzinsky Reserve Buryatia. Gare gare mazita nyika munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa iri chete kukasawedzerwa. reserves kwakadaro huru Russia sezvo Astrakhan, kuCaucasus uye Ilmensky kunogona anonzi mukuru. Vose kwakaonekwa 20s remakore rechimakumi maviri. Asi muduku anogona kunzi kuchengeterwa "Utrish", iro rakaumbwa muna 2010. Uyezve, munguva kusvika 2020 zvinonzi akaronga kuti pave zvakare 11 itsva nzvimbo inochengetedzwa kuRussia.

Matura Russia: mazita inowanzorimwa reserves

Kwakaita 2014 muna Russian Federation mune 103 hunhu hwemunhu. Vose nenzvimbo zvachose nharaunda 340,000 mativi makiromita. Iyi nzvimbo yakakura inogona kuenzaniswa munharaunda yacho inoti European, akadai Finland.

Of nhamba iyi, 11 hunhu hwemunhu anogona kunzi kune inowanzorimwa. We nyora reserves ava Russia. List pamusoro kudare pazasi:

• Astrakhan,
• "Belogorye"
• Voroninsky,
• Voronezh,
• White-naped,
• East-Ural,
• "Galichya Mountain"
• Orenburg,
• Rostov,
• "Volga inowanzorimwa"
• "Black Earth".

reserves All Russian, mazita ayo akarongwa, ndinoshanda Bazi Natural Resources uye Environment. Vaviri vavo - the East-Urals uye "Maiden Mountain" - pasi nemamwe masangano.

Chiitiko yeRussian inowanzorimwa

Russian inowanzorimwa - zviri rakasiyana uye nemamwe dzinongoitika chaiyo. Russian inowanzorimwa reserves, pamwe rekushongedzesa dzavo dzomusango uye tangled silvery neminhenga uswa, akafanana bhiza kuti rinopepereka.

Sezvineiwo, pfungwa pakusika munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa dzakadaro zvakatanga panguva inowanzorimwa. Mutsindo ivhu musayendisiti uye agronomist Vasily Dokuchaev akataura pamusoro vanoda ichi makore zana apfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, hapana kuchengeterwa haana hwaivapo muRussia muna inowanzorimwa mapazi anosvika 90-ies. Chokutanga chaiva Orenburg inowanzorimwa kuchengeterwa, iyo yakarongwa pamusoro chirongwa Alexander Alexandrovich Chibilova muna 1989.

Inowanzorimwa kuchengeterwa "Orenburg"

Akazviratidza muna May 1989, nhasi vakafukidza imwe nzvimbo pamusoro 21 zviuru hectares.

Inowanzorimwa kuchengeterwa "Orenburgsky" hunosanganisira zvina vakaparadzana nzvimbo:

• Talovskaya inowanzorimwa
• Burtinskaya inowanzorimwa
• Aytuarskaya inowanzorimwa
• Aschisayskaya inowanzorimwa (kupfuura nyika kunharaunda 7.200 hectares).

Mukati nzvimbo iyi unogona kuona isina kumbobatwa inowanzorimwa chete. Panewo dzakawanda matongo Zvivako VII-III remakore BC. Izvi pazvikomo Sarmatian tsika.

The ekunze - yakaoma uye Continental. Average tembiricha pagore riri 2,5 madhigirii chilis, uye avhareji yegore negore kunonaya zviri negligibly duku - kubva 250 kusvika 350 mm. By mwero wetting nzvimbo inogona zvakanaka zvakabatanidzwa Semi-murenje.

Of Reserve nemiti iri siyana: kune 14 mhando notumwe, 150 mhando lichen, 8 mhando Moss 1,350 mhando vascular zvirimwa. No zvishoma akapfuma uye Fauna of nzvimbo: 48 mhando mhuka, 193 eshiri, 6 mhando hove, 526 mhando zvipembenene uye 184 mhando madandaude. Ndima inogarwa kunyanya uswa-wakange abika inowanzorimwa, pamusoro Mujinga zvikomo uyewo kuumbwa matombo inowanzorimwa uye sesaline ivhu - mugwenga zvivako uye munharaunda.

Munguva kuchengeterwa pane anenge maviri gumi nevaviri miti dzakanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia. Mhuka dzakawanda Russian kuchengeterwa "Orenburg" ndiwo Dzvuku Book. Pakati pavo inowanzorimwa nyuchi, shiri ibwe curlew, Balaban, chinyamudzura, inowanzorimwa chapungu, bustard uye stilt uye European Beaver.

"Belogorye"

Russian inowanzorimwa reserves - icho ipfuma chaiyo nyika yedu. Imwe mhando kuchengeterwa "Belogorye" iri Belgorod nharaunda, iyo yakatanga kusvika 1924. Ipapo akadana "Forest of Vorskla River," uye muna 1999 akanga kurongwazve kupinda kudzivirirwa itsva dzendima pasi zita aripo.

Iyi nzvimbo akadzivirira ndiro zvesayenzi uye kwezvakatipoteredza dzidzo zvivako zviri batana kukosha. Its chinangwa - kuchengetedza uye hwakadzama kudzidza zvakasikwa pezvakaitwa uye mananara musango-inowanzorimwa vematunhu, uyewo kuchengetedza munhu kwemarudzi uye Nzanga kasvisto, fauna of uye nemamwe mararamiro ezvinhu zviripo zviri rwezasi Central Russian Upland.

Nharaunda yezvakaita kuchengeterwa "Belogorye" zvinosanganisira wakaparadzana zvikamu zvishanu, izvo dziri mumatunhu vatatu nharaunda. It Anofunga:

• Forest pamusoro Vorskla,
• Izgorya rusvingo,
• Bald Hills,
• Yamskaya inowanzorimwa,
• Ostrasevy nemakoronga.

The zvachose nzvimbo "Belogoriya" ndiyo 2131 hectares.

Mukati Reserve, masayendisiti Pane 149 akasiyana eshiri, uyewo vanenge 370 mhando vascular zvirimwa. Fauna chinomiririrwa 50 mhando mhuka, 15 mhando hove, mhando nezvinokambaira, 6 uye 9 mhando dzemhuka Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika.

Reserve "Voroninsky"

reserves Large Russia chinokwezva vazhinji revashanyi zvakasikwa. Mumwe akadaro Voroninsky kuchengeterwa riri musango mapazi Tambov nharaunda. It akasikwa 1994 kudzivirira sango inowanzorimwa mugadziriro Central Russia. Vose nzvimbo - kupfuura 10,000 hectares, hunhu kuchengeterwa riri mukati 40 makiromita pamusoro Crow Valley River.

Structure Voroninsky kuchengeterwa zvinosanganisira masumbu maviri makuru - masango "Inzhavinskaya" uye "Kirsanovsky" uye gumi zvimwe delineated nzvimbo duku.

Pfungwa rakasikwa nzvimbo ino kuchengetedza nharaunda vaiva neimwe VP Semenov Tian-Shanskii anozivikanwa Russian jogirafi. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, akapa kuronga pano vanonzi "uromny Park" (uremia - rinokosha mafashamo-pachena dondo). Ndicho chidzidzo uye kudzorerwa dondo ichi ndicho chikuru basa yazvino chengetedza.

Zvisinei, chaiyo inoshanda basa iri kukura Reserve pfungwa rakatanga chete mukupera 80-ies pamusoro XX remakore. A mupiro mukuru kusangano iri kuchengeterwa vane Voroninsky nyanzvi Regional Museum uye Tambov Pedagogical Institute.

Kusvika panguva kuchengeterwa kwakasimbiswa matatu nzvimbo pakutengeserana: ". Makwara Kudzivirirwa" "Inzhavino-Barska Mountain", "Kudzivirirwa Lake" uye

Imwe zvakanakisisa zvinokwezva Voroninsky kuchengeterwa ndiyo inonzi Bald Mountain - hapana akafanana chaitika pakati Volga Uplands. Gore ane hama kureba vanenge 50 mamita. Uye kunyange nhasi mugomo akafuka chakagadzirwa dondo yecocoa, asati ari chaizvoizvo "mhazha", uye naizvozvo zvichachengetwawo zita rayo. Nenzira, kuti gomo iri chiratidzo Inzhavino musha.

Chimwe Kukwezva of kuchengeterwa - rakasiyana the willow Ashera pedyo nomusha Semenovka. zera rake - makore anopfuura 150. Zvisinei, kwete chete ichi yakakurumbira the willow matanda okunamata nawo, nokuti ndaishamwaridzana kamwe yakakurumbira Artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. Zvino mufananidzo inochengeterwa panguva Museum of London. Zvinosuruvarisa nhasi chete vakasara ichi Willow Grove - zhinji miti vakaparadzwa munguva yehondo, uye sezvo pamusana ufuza mabasa ari 90s.

"Rostov"

Katyamadza uye ruchiri kukangaidza rayo nokunaka inowanzorimwa matura Russia! Muna 1995, munyika Rostov mudunhu Rostov Reserve chakatangwa, kunyange zvazvo preconditions kuti sangano rayo rakanga mukupera XIX remakore. Pfungwa kuumba pano inowanzorimwa kuchengeterwa ipapo akaratidza musayendisiti Vasily Dokuchaev, uyo akapedza nguva yakawanda nesimba kudzidza yomunharaunda inowanzorimwa nharaunda.

Rostov Reserve ane yeUnited chinzvimbo uye yayo yaitonga. It unotora zvina vakaparadzana nzvimbo, zvachose nzvimbo dzinopfuura 9 hectares.

Mukati Reserve, masayendisiti kuverengwa 410 mhando vascular zvinomera - kazhinji zviyo, bhinzi, Asteraceae uye clove. Pano unogona kuwana 4 mhando pizi, vanoverengeka mhando munhenga uswa, ngamera munzwa. Kurai kuchengeterwa uye mhando akanyorwa muna Red Book: The AND tulip Schrenk, zvipfupi Iris, munhenga uswa uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

"Black Earth"

The guru reserves yakarova Russia rayo pamwero uye nyika unspoilt remhandara nharaunda. Rimwe remasangano munyika ari Biosphere Reserve nezita kujairika "Black Earth", umo zvinochengeterwa rakasiyana nemamwe nzvimbo Kalmyk inowanzorimwa.

The kuchengeterwa yakatangwa June 1990. The huru basa - kuponesa inowanzorimwa uye Semi-murenje nharaunda, uyewo kudzivirirwa saiga vemo. The zvachose nzvimbo inochengetedzwa nzvimbo - vanopfuura zviuru 120 hectares. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muna 1993 "Black Land" vakagamuchira mamiriro biosphere kuchengeterwa ne UNESCO.

The kuchengeterwa panozosvika rinomiririrwa sezvo inowanzorimwa uye gwenga marudzi zvinomera. Saka, muna jecha nzvimbo vanogona kusangana ngamera munzwa, lyme uswa, jecha sagebrush. In chitsuwa kwegungwa Manichev-Gudilo vane steppes pamwe munhenga Lessing. Kura pano uye kashoma mhando zvinomera: cornflower Taliev uye AND tulip Schrenk.

The fauna of chiri inomiririrwa inowanzorimwa uye Semi-gwenga marudzi. Pano zvatinosiita zvayo, makuru-rine nzeve tyoni, duku Gopher, inosvetuka. Zvinowanikwa "dema nyika" bandaging uye rakajeka polecat. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzera mhumhi nevanhu vari chengetedza.

Dendere pamusoro kuchengeterwa vakawanda waterfowl. Ichi mbeveve nejichidza, hanzi, DALMATIAN nekondo, mhuka Dhadha, wachena Dhadha, pochard uye nevamwe. Kudzivirirwa pano uye hwokufananidzira inowanzorimwa marudzi shiri: bustard, lark, shoma bustard, inowanzorimwa gondo gora.

"Volga inowanzorimwa"

"Volga inowanzorimwa" - mumwe hunhu kuchengeterwa muna Penza nharaunda, izvo zvinosanganisira 5 vakaparadzana nzvimbo:

• Poperechenskaya inowanzorimwa
• Ostrovtsovskaya inowanzorimwa
• Kuncherovskaya inowanzorimwa
• Pine Forest musi Kadadah,
• Verhnesursky dondo nzvimbo.

Riri mune inowanzorimwa mapazi kuMiddle Volga. The kuchengeterwa rakavambwa muna 1989 kudzivirira kuchamhembe steppes uye masango. Rinotaura nhasi imwe nzvimbo 8326 hectares. "Volga inowanzorimwa" - iri hunhu kuchengetedza nzvimbo kwete chete. The yeparutivi zvakare zvinobudirira aidaro zvesainzi, tsvakurudzo, dzidzo uye kuzvivaraidza mabasa. Zvisinei, mukuru chinangwa "ari Volga inowanzorimwa" ndiyo kudzivirirwa kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uyewo vamiririri vavo nomumwe uye rose zvinhu zvipenyu.

Mu "mashoko Volga inowanzorimwa" Kune vanenge 860 mhando vascular miti musi (ichi, nenzira, 55% kwemarudzi Kuronga Penza nharaunda kasvisto). Izvi, 70 mhando vanoda chaiyo kudzivirirwa, uye kunyange pfumbamwe nemhando dzakanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia. Izvi mhando ina Stipa (munhenga uswa, akanaka, opushennolistny uye munhenga Zaleski), Fritillaria Russian, Iris nayo isina mashizha, Cephalanthera in rubra, epipogium nayo isina mashizha uye neottianta cucullata. 58 marudzi zvinomera zviri yeparutivi akasanganisirwa mumatadzo Red Book dzesango.

An dzinonakidza chinhu chiri womupaini dondo kuchengeterwa musi Kadadah, kana kuti vanonzi "Borok", pedyo nomusha Shatkino. Plot nharaunda pamusoro womupaini dondo pamahombekombe erwizi Kadadah - hectares anenge 400. Boron chinhu chisinganzwisisiki kubata nemipaini rabha uye nemiouki masango. Vazhinji nzvimbo inogarwa chinhu uye alder ane anezvimiti.

Nyaya ino inotsanangura yakakurumbira reserves Russian. Photos of izvi zvikuru zvikamu nyika yedu inogona kuwanikwa pano. In nyika yedu, isu takasikirwa anopfuura zana dzine akadzivirirwa, izvo kuvavarira kudzivirira yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira dzinongoitika nharaunda, kudzoreredzwa uye ndichengetedze vamwe mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara. Uyezve, akadzivirira nzvimbo uye vanoita mamwe mashandiro inodzidzisa uye dzidzo kuburikidza yekudyara vanhu muRussia rudo zvisikwa. Vazhinji reserves anewo kukuru kutandara uye nzvimbo zvinogona, uye vamwe vavo angatoedza dzika nayo nokugadzira chaiyo nzvimbo migwagwa uye zvipenyu mudungwe munzira.