WokuItiopiya arufabheti. Ethiopian Abugida. Nei arufabheti MuItiopiya yakafanana Armenian

arufabheti wokuItiopiya - kunyora marongedzero kunyora mabhuku uye Ecclesiastical mutauro Ge'ez, pamwe Amharic, Tigre uye Tigrinya aishandiswa Ethiopia (shona), uye Eritrea. Kunenge paiva kubva South oukuru Sabaean kunyora pakutanga pamusoro IV. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi pfungwa kuti apo arufabheti muEtiopiya akasikwa, diverge. Uyewo zvisingazivikanwi kana iri nemhaka zvishoma nezvishoma.-shanduka kunyora kana zvakanzi dzakarukwa mumwe munhu. Nhasi, zvinofungirwa kuti mavara kunge wakashanduka-shanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mavhawero ndiwo mugumisiro basa rimwe munyori. Vakapona Zvinyorwa IV remakore. mumutauro Ge'ez, rakanyorwa Sabian uye dzakasiyana tsamba muItiopiya.

Abugida ine 26 tsamba, zvose zvacho nemavara. In dzinokosha hunhu ichi inogona dzikwanise syllabic nokuwedzera dzaari vocalizations. 24 vakanga Rinobva tsamba 28 earufabheti pamwe Kuwedzera Sabaean graphemes kunan'anura kuridza "p", rakanga kwete kunobva. Zvivabatsire tsamba, sezvo anodzivisa oukuru mitauro Sabaean uye dzimwe - kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Zvichida ichi ndicho mugumisiro Greek simba.

nzira maonero

Nhoroondo Ge'ez zvakanyorwa hazvisi nyore kutevera, dzakadai Latin. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika akaramba kuona vanhu Africa yapakuvamba creators mutsika, izvo vakava akapukunyuka kwemazana emakore zvayo chaiyo. Havana kugona kunzwisisa izvozvo, tisingarasikirwi rusaruro uye kwete kuongorora kwayo kusvika. A zvakafanana dingindira iri Ge'ez hurongwa tsvakurudzo ndiyo t. N. zvekunze paradigm. Pfungwa iyi kuti sillabary aifanira kuuya kubva kune imwe nzvimbo, zvikurukuru kubvira kare reArabhiya Peninsula. Izvi zvaizoita kuti kunobva haasi "dema" Africa, asi kuMiddle East Asia, nokudaro achisimbisa musaruraganda kudavira kuti vatema vakanga vasingakwanisi kuva mabhuku uye tsika pane imwe nguva apo kubudirira vaFenikiya vakanga vachangobva kutanga. Kunyange nhasi, ichi pfungwa Eurocentric zvinzvimbo Ge'ez muboka oukuru, kwete mitauro yomuAfrica. Urudzi, iyo anodzingana tsvakurudza kwakabva mabhuku muItiopia, pachena kunyange munhau achangopfuura nesayenzi. Somuenzaniso, Silviya Pankherst mubhuku "Ethiopia: nhoroondo tsika" anodaro kuti South muArabhia vatama vakauya navo zivo kushandiswa nesimbi, Tillage, namakwai, nemabhiza, ngamera, wakawanirwa zvirimwa, chombo zvakanakisisa, akadai hombe pfumo wakarodzwa, uye zvimwe kumativi dehwe kuvharidzira kuti varwi vemo vakanga kusvikira ichangopfuura. Naivowo vakabatsira pakuvaka dzimba zvakagadzirwa ibwe, vachiuya nawo mapurani zvitaera uye kuvakwa unyanzvi, unyanzvi kunyora rakaisvonaka arufabheti muItiopiya. Nokuti mberi muEtiopiya kwebudiriro chezvinhu zvinokosha nounyanzvi kuti Arab kugara vakauya navo, akanga achinyora.

Kunenge kuti geez hurongwa anowana kwayakatangira bedzi yekare veIjipiti, uyewo-rakanyorwawo Latin, pasinei kure zvingaita. Nokufungidzira kwokuti achinyora vakadaro pedyo napedyo kuna Ancient Egypt akatanga kuenda parwendo rurefu kumabvazuva South Arabia, uye vagodzokera kuna Ethiopia kutanga kupinda yaro yokupedzisira chimiro, maererano vavengi yemamiriro dzidziso zvinoita kure Hadzisi. Saka, havana kutenda hapana chikonzero chokudavira kuti vatengesi veIjipiti, vanyori, uye somugumisiro, negadziriro hieroglyphs hadzina kupararira zvakaenzana mhiri bhodhi.

Zvinoumba Abugida

Ge'ez arufabheti ine 182 vanotaurwa. Hazvina kunaka kuti zvose dzinokosha graphemes 26, zvose zvacho nemavara, uye mumwe inoumbwa okuwedzera Kurohwa uye okunatsiridza akaita inokosha zvitarisiko kunan'anura nzvanyira inzwi, kana kuti chinja inokosha nzvanyira. In Geez uppercase uye lowercase tsamba havasi anokudzwa, sezvazvakange zvakaita rechiLatin arufabheti iri VII remakore. No ligatures kana zvimwe modifiers (muna G uye g), uyewo zvishomanana nyora. Naizvozvo, nokuti kuenzanisa yakarurama uppercase (a), nyaya ezasi (A), uye tsamba madudziro emazwi mavanga (a) arufabheti Latin kuonekwa vakaparadzana graphemes sezvo chero tsamba, ungadaro chokuita navo vamwe nyora ( 's). Asi kunyange muchiitiko ichi sillabary geez zvakawanda.

pakawanda Geez

arufabheti MuItiopiya inzira kuona kumiririrwa mashoko uye ruzha kwete chete. Rine 5th zvinhu ehupfumi: pictographic, ideographic, Astrographic, kudzidza zvenhamba nezvadzinoreva uye sillabograficheskim. Abugida uyewo kubatsira uongorore zvakare tsamba yose. ehupfumi ayo anoratidza kuti ano pfungwa kunyora rakamanikana chaizvo uye zvishoma ayo kwouzivi yebhaibheri, mitauro uye nhoroondo zvinhu.

pictograms

Geez hwezvaizoitika divi anoti sillabary rinobva mifananidzo rakavhomorwa kana vakakopa zvakasikwa uye kudyidzana kwevanhu nazvo. The inokosha wakanaka pictographic ino uye panobva arufabheti Latin uye muItiopiya ndivo hieroglyphs muIjipiti. Geez - iri abstracted mutauro zvokufananidzira. Muenzaniso icon ndiyo tsamba yechipiri በ (Ba), mu Bết (imba), ndiro musuo stylized. Pictographic chaikosha iri kuoneka uyewo mutsamba ሀ (Ha), kutanga "shumba" shoko, arufabheti uye yose nechadenga.

pfungwa

Ideography yechipiri geez pfuma zvinoreva kuti earufabheti zvinomiririra pfungwa dzakasiyana, tsika, uzivi, uye kurongeka munzanga. Mumwe mukuru hunhu ane 7 zvokusarudza, achimirira nzvanyira ruzha inotevera. kirasi imwe neimwe chokuita zvakasiyana Pfungwa okunze. Somuenzaniso, mugiredhi rechitanhatu ረ (RA) ane Re'es chikuva (mutungamiri, maneja kana foromani). Words chokuita mugiredhi rechitanhatu, sezvinoita mutemo, ndezvaJehovha Panyanzvi utungamiri, sezvakaitwa Re'esa Mange'st (musoro state).

karenda

Astrography kana nyeredzi mepu uye nokudaro, mukarenda ndiyo yechitatu chinoumba Geez. A hurongwa zvinosanganisira 26 makirasi uye 7 dzakasiyana ayo kazhinji ndiyo 182 syllabic vatambi. Izvi hafu nhamba 364, inova hafu kana mazuva pakati rinenge riine. karenda MuItiopiya mwedzi ose ine mazuva 30, kunze okuwedzera mwedzi, inogara chete mashanu kana matanhatu mazuva. Kwetemu rinotanga April 1 uye October 1. Mumwe nomumwe ari 182 kutaurwa ndiro zuva rimwe. An zuva yokuwedzera kumadokero karenda inogona kunzi mashoko okuti pakati gwenya uye equinoctial gore. 7 Misiyano mukirasi nomumwe uri 7 Mazuva pavhiki, kutanga Ge'ez (Svondo) uye kuzviuraya Shabat (Mugovera).

kudzidza nezvenhamba

tsamba neimwe arufabheti yakafanana kusanganiswa ukoshi kubvira 1 kusvika 5600. Ivo Codes muItiopiya Rachel esoteric hurongwa. The kusanganiswa tsika graphite, uye mashoko Old Testament kubatsira nokududzirwa uye achipa mashoko anobatsira zvezvinangwa kuti nomumukanwa retelling. Somuenzaniso, Abrahamu zita chaienzanirana kusanganiswa ukoshi 60 (40 + 9 + 6 + 1 + 4), izvo kana yakakamurwa nokuwanda zviratidzo (5) somugumisiro achiumba nhamba 12, zvakafanana nhamba edzimba Israeri.

Nei arufabheti MuItiopiya yakafanana Armenian?

Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku aya pakutaura kure, vane pachena mumuviri fanano, uye kunyange zvakawanda zvakafanana tsamba. Countries dzavo nendimi kunge wakashanduka-shanduka pasina mumwe, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu chinhambwe vanenge 3.5 zviuru. Km nyika uye gungwa. Vanhu vakawanda vanodavira kuti kunyora Geez, rinonzi Fidel, akazviratidza zvikuru kwokutanga kupfuura kuitika Armenian, uye pane zvakawanda dzidziso pamusoro ukama pakati pavo. Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira dzidziso anobva nhoroondo refu yechiKristu munyika idzi: Armenia pamutemo akava wokutanga rudzi yechiKristu muna 301 AD. e, uye shona -. wechipiri muna 316

Around 406 racho rakasikwa nearufabheti itsva akapiwa St. Mesrop Mashtots Great Armenia. Vagari venyika vakatsvaka kure waibva akapoteredza rinoti uye zvitendero akaedza chozvikunda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Mesrop aigona kusangana vaKristu muItiopiya pamusoro youtorwa kuJerusarema, akadzitora mumwe ezvinamato. Kana aiva neBhaibheri mumutauro Ge'ez, zvingangoita zvikuru kuti akakwereta zvimwe zviratidzo kupedza arufabheti ake konekwa. Armenia uye shona vaiva States iyo nezvinoda chete dambudziko - kwemakore akawanda ndivo chete ndudzi dzechiKristu munharaunda dzaari uye ichida mabhuku chete echitendero.

The UCLA Library ine muunganidzwa Armenian nemanyoro XIV remakore., Kusanganisira vhangeri GLADZOR. Ivo ane renguva peji miniatures, zvikuru akashongedzwa makarenda, oma zvishongo uye Portraits yavatsvene vanobatanidzwa dzeShanduro. Mipumburu yakawanda muItiopiya akanyorwa uye yakashongedzwa akasimba zvikuru, mitsetse mukobvu uye evince ruoko womufananidzo wacho uye munyori akavasika. The acho rakakamurwa kuva nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa kunyorwa tsvuku uye dema ingi, zvemaoresa kazhinji akaurayiwa dzinongoitika mavara. mudano yavo iri imwe Hazvizivikanwi tactility uye kusakosha.

Contacts pakati maviri tsika

Armenian uye muEtiopiya avanhu vakabatanidzwa kare ushamwari, asi chakatanga zvikuru paya pane kunyora kwavo zvakasikwa. Mienzaniso miviri kumira panze. Pakutanga yacho XVI remakore. mushambadzi Armenian akapinda basa mudare mambokadzi muItiopiya. Akava mumiririri chokutanga shona muPortugal. Mamiriro rakaoma nokuti chiPutukezi havana kutenda kuti akanga ane Armenian, zviri zvirokwazvo chokwadi, ndiani anoti, uye kunyange zvakawanda kwakatooma kana Akadzoka. Imwe nyaya achangobva chakaitika mukutanga 1920s. Mushure Armenian Kuurayiwa Crown Muchinda Ethiopia, Ras Tafari akasangana muJerusarema nherera 40 kubva Armenia. Akanga saka nadzo kuti vose vakagamuchira akatora naye kumusha kwake. Akavapa zvakanaka zvokuridza dzidzo, uye vana Armenian 40 akaumba yokutanga yebasa mamiriro kwaya wenyika ino. Pamwe chete akasika Imperial muItiopiya rwenyika, izvo kumbochinja kusvikira muna 1974.

Africa chiratidzo

Ethiopian Abugida pakatarisana nearufabheti wemuTesitamende kudyidzana dzaro ataura mutauro. Kunyange zvazvo aifanira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvounhu, mupfungwa yakati, ivo aivabatsira chiperengo. Uchawana syllabary kubvumira zvikanganiso zvishoma, nokuti mashoko unorira phonetic kunyora, achinyora zvinosiyana dzaro dzakananga ndiEzekieri. Kutaura zvazviri, Abugida anotibvumira kunyora shoko chero mutauro. African Ge'ez ndiye mumwe wemitauro mukuru zvakanyorwa munyika. Zvazvinosarira kuchinja kwemakore 2000, testamendi kuti kuchinjika ayo uye nzira itsva nzira kuronga kurira. Kunyora - kwete chete girama maatomu akafanana, asi nzira vanoshamba munyika wekare Africa, uzivi kwayo uye kutenda gadziriro chete yakatanga mangwanani vanhu.