SDR - a Special Drawing Rights ...

SDRs - ane chidimbu of Chirungu zita, izvo ruzha Russian se "chaiye yokukweva kodzero" (SDRs). SDR kunoonekwa sechinhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa mari uye dzakawanda kuchengeterwa twa, iro anogadzirwa uye kushandiswa IMF kupa zvemari hukama pakati nhengo dzayo. reserves uye akabudisa zvikwereti zviri panzvimbo mari iyi. Maererano nenhamba, muna March 2016, pane vanenge mabhiriyoni 204.1 SDR.

The pakuonekwa uye chinangwa

Special Drawing Rights (SDR, SDR SDR) akazviratidza 1969 ari akapoteredza Bretton Woods mari hurongwa. Kuti tirambe yakatsiga Gengi zvayo mari zviumbu munyika vachida reserves. Zvisinei, bhuku yemarudzi romugove zvendarama madhora haana kukwana. Chivimbo muna US mari chaizopiwa vasanyanya, kana ukatanga kudhinda Banknotes itsva. naizvozvo akasarudza kusika itsva chengetedza twa.

SDR - ichi ndicho chinhu chisipo kubatana pakati Bretton Woods maitiro chaizvo. Zvisinei, zvapedzisira nokukurumidza akawira vega. nyika vakawanda vakatamira kweutongi kuti kuyangarara Exchange. Under itsva, iyo Jamaican SDR haisi rinokosha mashandiro. Kukura mari uye guta misika akabvumira nyika dzakawanda kuunganidza nouchapupu wokumwe mari reserves.

Zvisinei, kuti SDR - haisi kakasaririra kare. Vakaramba kuti huvepo uye aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira zvakazorodza migumisiro yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Muna 2009, ivo SDR wakabudiswa kuwedzera liquidity iri yose zvoupfumi munyika uwandu bhiriyoni 182,6. Ivo kuzadzikiswa pamutemo matura nenhengo reInternational Monetary Fund, vakaurayiwa mari dambudziko.

Hatigoni kutaura kuti SDR - currency kana nezvaidiwa IMF. yokuisira zvavo vawane pachena kushandisika dzeEurope mukutsinhana navo kuburikidza zvigadziriswe maviri:

1. The mukutsinhana pakati nhengo IMF, iyo paruchaitika chokuzvidira hwaro.
2. Kutenga GPA dzichiva simba zvimwewo zvepamusoro vanoda kukweretesa nyika.

Sezvo SDR - currency of chakaita zvokugadzirwa, hazvigoni kushandiswa nevanhu muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zvisinei, rinoshanda kuverenga kwete IMF, asiwo nhamba masangano dzakawanda (bis, EBTS nevamwe remunharaunda kukura mabhanga).

Currency sezvamunoita

Pakutanga, kukosha chaiko mufanidzo kodzero rwakanga rwakakura negoridhe. Mumwe SDR yakanga yakaenzana mutengo 0,88871 magiramu nesimbi ichi. SDR Gengi kuna US madhora akanga kurondedzerwa se 1: 1. Pashure pokuwa Bretton Woods wemuTesitamende 1973 uye ayo yokutsiva kukosha SDR aiva Jamaican dzaona kwakavakirwa tswanda mari. Pakutanga hwakanga US Dollar, euro, Yen uye paundi hwakakwirira. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvakanga rakawedzerwa Currencykuva. Kuchinja 1 October 2016. Zvino SDR zvazvingava akatsunga inobva anotevera uremu hwaro:

• US Dhora - 41,73%.
• EUR - 30,93%.
• Yuan - 10,92%.
• Japanese Yen - 8,33%.
• British paundi wakanaka - 8,09%.

Kukosha SDR kanobudiswa ose zuva iri pamutemo Website of IMF. kukarukureta Its inobva zvikamu kurema padengu inobva rates, ayo wakaiswa masikati pazuva London Stock Exchange.

A pamazita mari kuti kuona kukosha chaiyo kudhirowa kodzero, iva nechokwadi reassessed pamakore mashanu IMF Executive Board, kana zvisati zvaitika kana ichida Zvichidiwa zvenyika ino. Ichangobva utsanzi ndiyo unyorwe mudengu Chinese yuan. Inotevera ongororo yayo sezvamunoita iri Vakaronga kuti 2021.

Kufarira kunyatsonzwisisa mufanidzo kodzero

The interest on SDR - ndiyo hwaro pakuverenga chitsama IMF chikwereti kubhadhara. Rinotaurawo anosarudza kuti kubva muzana iri rwakabhadharwa Member States pamusoro Holdings dzinokosha dzavo mufanidzo kodzero uye mhosva pamwe anoparadzirwa reserves.

zvazvingava Weekly rinowanikwa kwakavakirwa weighted avhareji mumiririri mubereko chikwereti nhumbi pfupi mutsividzo izwi prices pamisika mari, izvo vanoumba dengu.

Pakugoverwa mari twa

Bhuku SDRs kuna IMF nhengo iri Proportional kuti kota zvavo nyaya musangano. Saka, mumwe nyika ine panguva yayo dziripo yemarudzi kuchengeterwa twa, iyo isina chokuita mamwe mari.

The chaizvo mashandiro ari kugovera nokukwereta kodzero ndiyo kuzvipira mari. pauwandu hweavo avo, izvo mhosva inoti pamwe kunyanyisa Holdings chaizvoizvo mhosva pamwe IMF nhengo, vanoshandisa navo. Zvisinei, dzibate pakati SDRs - haisi chete nhengo International Monetary Fund, asi vamwe masangano yakakodzera mhando. Pakati pavo, somuenzaniso, European Central Bank. Ushandiswe yokuisira angashandisa SDRs vari kutengeserana mumwe nomumwe kana chete IMF nhengo inoti.

Vachitenga uye kutengesa SDRs

The IMF munhau yacho akabata matatu SDR yavaive. Yaipedzerwa rokutanga bhiriyoni 9.3. nokuparadzirwa uku vakatapwa kubva 1970 kusvika 1972. Nguva inotevera chisarudzo pamusoro replenishment ari kuchengeterwa yesangano yakaitwa muna 1979. The yaipedzerwa rechipiri yavaive vakasvika mabhiriyoni 12.1. Yakanga yakagadzirwa 1979 kusvika 1981. Zvino makore mazhinji SDR reserves vakasara nenguva chechetere.

Kwemakore anoda kusvika 30 pashure kuti munguva yakafanira chisarudzo haana zvakafanira padanho iri. Zvisinei, August 28, 2009 chakaitwa wechitatu kuparadzira yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Zvakanga ndokusunungurwa isina kumboitika huwandu SDR. Vose vakasvika mabhiriyoni 161,2. Uyezve, mavhiki maviri pamberi mamwe chete-nguva replenishment pamusoro reserves mu uwandu bhiriyoni 21.5 yakanga inopiwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kusvikira 2009, vanopfuura mumwe-namashanu IMF nhengo (avo vakabatana sangano pashure 1981) havasati vagamuchira SDR allocations.

Tarisiro uye basa China

Muna 2016, World Bank kwakasimbiswa chisungo purogiramu wechipfuwo Chinese kumusika. Kuchengetedzeka denominated mu SDRs uye vari dzaizopiwa zvechechi makambani. The World Bank akaronga purogiramu yacho pamwe chete makuru Chinese mabhanga. The zvachose Vhoriyamu chirongwa 2 ndiye milliarda SDR. Kwekutanga gore rino (kubva 1 October) ari Currencykuva waibatanidzwa mudengu chakaita zvokugadzirwa mari nekanzuru IMF. Zvino, SDR - haasi chete pondo hwakakwirira, Japanese Yen, Euro uye US dhora.