Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna: Biography uye pikicha

Maria Romanova - mumwe wavakunda Nicholas II. Vose majana ose mugumo wayo yakanga yakabatana nhengo yemhuri korona. Aigara upenyu hupfupi, dangling mumwe muzhizha usiku muna 1918 nemhaka chisimba Bolsheviks. Mufananidzo Maria munin'ina wake, hanzvadzi uye vabereki vava zviratidzo njodzi nhoroondo Russia uye mapenzi utsinye ari Civil War.

pakuberekwa

Mwanasikana wokupedzisira Russian chevaux Romanov Maria Nikolaevna wechitatu akaberekwa June 14, 1899 mu Peterhof, izvo vaipinda zhizha kuzororo dzemhuri youmambo. Third pamuviri Alexandra aiva nyore. Iye kunyange vakafenda, nokuti chii kare mavhiki mashoma, aifanira kupedza mune chaiyo pawiricheya. Inotorwa uye vanachiremba zvakakomba vaityira upenyu amai mwana, asi pakupedzisira, kuberekwa zvakanaka. The musikana akaberekwa nesimba uye utano.

Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna akabhabhatidzwa musi wa27 June. Setsika wakaitwa John Yanyshev - confessor dzemhuri youmambo. Munguva Peterhof Church panguva ino, pane vanenge 500 vanhu - hama, vamiririri vatorwa, courtiers, musikana ane rukudzo. Kumwe mhemberero kwakaguma ane sarupu 101 kurira kwepfuti, chechi kushevedzera uye achirira kuti mabhero. Zvisinei, zuva rakatevera mufaro rababa chikatsiviwa Nicholas zvikuru nokuda nhau pamusoro pokufa munin'ina wake George, uyo akafa tibhii.

udiki

Nanny waMaria nemukoma wake aiva Chirungu Margarita Iger. Iye akashanda muRussia kwemakore matanhatu, uye kumusha kwake, akabudisa mirangariro yake mhuri youmambo. With netsamba iyi uye magwaro mazhinji vakasiya nezvapupu uye vakararama, nhasi zvinokwanisika kuti zvakasimba adzorere unhu uye unhu Grand Duchess. Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna aiva kunonakidza uye Mobile musikana nemaziso murima zvitema uye chiedza mashava bvudzi. In kuyaruka uye vaduku, izvozvo kunoratidzwa kumusoro kukura.

Nokuda pakururama uye hunhu hwakanaka chimiro muchindakadzi mumhuri vakatanga kudana Masha. Raiwanzishandisirwa sezvo zita Mary. Tsika yavachashevedzera hama iri Chirungu ainyatsotsanangura ndozvakajairwa mhuri youmambo. Most Maria aiva shamwari nomunun'una wake Anastasia, pasi pokudzora yakawanda zvakashata, asi akazotanga kutamba Tennis. Chimwe kufarira chitandadzo yaiva nziyo nevasikana - kazhinji zvaisanganisira giramufoni akatamba kuti kuneta pasi mimhanzi yaunonyanya ake. Under yokurara vanasikana kamuri yaiva Alexandra, umo akatora ose vakuru. The Buzz pamusoro kazhinji kwakatungamirira kunyara nokuti chii aifanira kutumira vakadzi pamberi Empress wacho. Maria uye Anastasia vaiona "zviduku,", kusiyana peya "mukuru" - Olga uye Tatiana.

Somwana, paiva kunopindirana rutapudzo hanzvadzi Othman (mabhii mazita okutanga), havana akasaina tsamba. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova zhinji hwake uye mhuri yake kupedzerwa Tsarskoye tiiviste. vabereki vake havana kufanana St. Petersburg Winter Palace - zvakanga yakakurisa uye pane taiwanzofamba drafts, kwave mhaka chirwere muvana.

chirimo chose, kwakabva mhuri anoenda chokufambisa pamusoro yacht "Standart". Vakafamba kunyanya Gulf Finland uye zvitsuwa zviduku. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova zvinoitika kunze kwenyika dererei. Kaviri akashanyira hama dzakawanda muEngland uye Germany. mhuri youmambo nokuda michato yakawanda kwave achisonganira Dynasties zvose European.

In muduku, musikana aipedza nguva yakawanda aine nanny ake. With Margaritoy Iger kwakakonzerwa zvizhinji kusetsa uye kuziva Zvikamu woumambo mhuri Biography. Somuenzaniso, nokuti mukoti Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna kuwana chinhu Irish madudziro emazwi of Chirungu mutauro (aiva chizvarwa Belfast oenda). "Nokushapira" zvakaita kuti mhuri youmambo vakazvitsvakira mudzidzisi mutsva Charles Sydney. Iye akaruramisa Irish madudziro emazwi waMaria nehanzvadzi yake.

Akatanga kudzidza mumakore masere. vanotongwa Its rokutanga vaiva penmanship, kuverenga, svomhu, uye mutemo waMwari. Zvadaro akawedzera, mitauro yokumwe (Chirungu, French, German), uye sayenzi yepanyama. Akadzidzisawo kuridza piyano uye nokutamba, pasina izvo zvinogona kuita Maria Nikolaevna Romanova. Mwanasikana Nicholas 2 vanofanira anoenderana dzavo chinzvimbo uye vose unyanzvi, kugamuchirwa pakati pavakadzi chepamusoro revatongi yeChina. Kupfuura zvose wakapiwa Mary Chirungu, izvo iye kazhinji achitaura nevabereki vake.

kudzidza

Amai vomusikana kazhinji zvakasiyana zvachose hunhu. Zvakasiyana vakaita Nicholas. Baba kazhinji zhuril Mariya nevamwe vana vake apo Alexandra aigona kuranga kana kutuka. Vanasikana Empress akaramba zvakasimba yokungoita - akatevera denderedzwa kukurukurirana kwavo. Apo vasikana vakakura, amai vake vakatanga kuvatya chero pedyo mhuri revatongi, kana kunyange hama. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero Alexandra Feodorovna, dzidzo yakakodzera akasungwa kuva zvakadzama Orthodox. raamai simba riri kuoneka kukanganisa maonero evanhu navanasikana. Vose (kunyanya Olga, asiwo Maria) vakava vaKristu mystically pfungwa uye akazvipira.

Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, kufanana hanzvadzi yake, haana kuroorwa - kuvhiringidzwa nehondo. Chokwadi, mwanasikana wamambo sechinhu ramangwana wenhaka zvinogona mwenga kuti chigaro mamwe masimba European. Zvisinei, sezvambotaurwa nokuda vakararama, Mary nokuda Orthodox kutenda kwavo zvakadzama haadi kuroorwa mutorwa. Pamwe chete nehanzvadzi yake iye akarota pokuroorana Russian aristocrat munyika yokwake.

Alexandra nevamwe vanasikana chero makambani vatorwa akaita kuti vave infantile. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, nechekare akura, aigona kutaura sezvo musikana ane makore 10 okuberekwa. Kunyimwa kukurukura nevezera, uye akararama maererano epakutanga mitemo zvoruvanze, iye vakambokundikana zvinetso paaibata mukuru nyika.

In kudzidzisa vanasikana Kesari achiri yakawanda wavatorwa zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kwenguva yakati vasikana vakaenda pokudzora Ekaterine Shneyder - chtitse Alexandra Feodorovna. German pakuberekwa, taita izvozvo anomiririrwa Russian chaizvo. Her maonero aiva dzisina kwemba nokuzvibata. Pakupedzisira, vabereki vari Mary nehanzvadzi yake sezvo vasikana vaduku, kunyange kana vari pedyo pachikumbaridzo maviri. Somuenzaniso, Alexandra pachake achiongorora bhuku ose iwe kugamuchira wake mwanasikana.

Brother uye Rasputin

Maria akanga ari wechitatu vanasikana vana vamambo. Muna 1904 Kesari pakupedzisira mwanakomana, Alex, uyo akava mugari wenhaka chigaro. Mukomana akatambura hemophilia - chirwere chakakomba, nokuda raakanga aiwanzosangana pamupendero upenyu norufu. The chirwere of Crown Prince akanga mhuri muchivande. vanhu vashoma vaiziva nezvake, kusanganisira Maria Nikolaevna Romanova.

2 mwanasikana Nicholas aida munin'ina wake. Izvi igomba nekunzwisisa aida zvabva Gregory Rasputin. Siberian murimi mudiki, uyo akauya St. Petersburg, akakwanisa kubatsira mugari wenhaka pachigaro. Iye kwakadzikira kutambura mukomana. The chikuru mudziyo uyu chinoshamisa mupilgrim aiva munamato. zvitendwa ake ave mberi akasimbisa hwokunyanyisa kudavira chiKristu yamambo vanasikana. Pashure kupondwa Rasputin Mary akanga kumariro ake.

In yehondo

Romanovsky tsika makore 14, Mary akaita konoro wa9 Dragoons chemazana chehondo Kazan. rimwe gore gedye pashure chiitiko, World War Wokutanga. German Emperor Wilhelm II raiva guru-babamunini vaMaria yemadzibaba. Pazuva Chirevo hondo musikana akachema kwazvo - harina kunzwisisa nei chinotevera hama havana kukwanisa pachavo.

Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna asingazivi chinhu pamusoro chii kudeurwa kweropa. Events Russian-Japanese Hondo uye wokutanga chimurenga yakaitika muna rinenge chavanoziva zera. Zvino, musikana aifanira vanoshamba munzvimbo dzakasiyana chaizvo kuvapo. Maria uye Anastasia aishanda muzvipatara - akaita mbatya vakakuvadzwa, wakagadzirira mabhandeji, etc. Apo naOlga uye Tatiana vakava vanamukoti dzakazara, hanzvadzi yavo muduku vakanga vachiri vaduku kuti ... Maria uye Anastasia akaronga balls muchipatara, nokuridza noruoko varwi vari makadhi, verenga navo. Mwanasikana Nicholas rechitatu aida kutanga kukurukura vakakuvadzwa, achivabvunza nezvevana uye mhuri. inivhoyisi neimwe nekanzuru musoja vasikana zvipo. Kazhinji ndivo vakanga vari zvifananidzo nezvidhori. Munguva yehondo, mumwe zvipatara vachikudza Mariya ainzi Mariinsky.

Kunze kwokuti Wilhelm chakaita kuti yepedyo yemhuri youmambo, iye Alexandra aivawo aiva German pakuberekwa. Izvi vava kuti makuhwa yakaorera ivhu kuti mambokadzi, muchindakadzi uye Imperial rose Family, zvisinei, kufanana muvengi. nokufungidzira Ndivo kunyanya nevakawanda muchiuto zvakatipoteredza. Muzvipatara, mamwe masoja vakuru zvikuru vakatanga kutaura pamusoro German Kaiser kuti anobaya vasikana. Maria yakananga mibvunzo pamusoro "Sekuru Willie" nguva imwe neimwe akapindura kuti akanga asina kutenda kuti babamunini vake uye haana kuda kunzwa nezvazvo.

February chimurenga

Muna February 1917, Princess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova ari Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye tiiviste. Panoperera romwedzi Petrograd vakatanga vakawanda okutsutsumwa vagari vari vasingagutsikane nokushaiwa zvokudya. March 2, kwatangwa zviito kwakaguma abdication pamusoro Nicholas II kubva pachigaro. The mambo panguva iyoyo yakanga padzimbahwe pamberi. Paaienda Petrograd, paaiva chitima, iye akasaina renunciation (iye mwanakomana wake).

Mashoko Maria yababa vake kusarudza vakadzidza kuonga Grand Duke Paul, chaiyo rwendo kuna Alexander Palace. Chivako chacho takapoteredzwa ramauto, achiri akavimbika mhiko. March 8, Pauro Count Benkendorf akati Romanov mhuri kuti kubva iroro iye anga asungwa achigara pamba. Nicholas akasvika mumuzinda mangwana.

Nezuva iroro kuvaka imwe yaizotangira gwirikwiti. Akabata uye Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Mwanasikana mambo rechitatu akarwara pashure nehanzvadzi dzavo vakura. Zvikuru nefivha yakasimba. Yakatanga panguva iyo chando aigona kukonzera zvemapapu kuzvimba. A Mazuva mashoma Princess haana kumuka kubva pamubhedha, akatanga raving. Nokukurumidza akawedzerwa otitis. Iye kunyange kwekanguva matsi imwe nzeve.

aigara mumba

Mushure kupora, yaimbova Princess Maria Nikolayevna Romanova akadzokera hwake dzose chakayerwa upenyu Tsarskoye tiiviste. Kudivi rimwe, hurongwa zuva haachinji - akaramba kudzidza uye vakasununguka nguva inopedzerwa muvaraidzo nemhuri. Asi pane zvave zvimwe zvainyatsooneka. Princess akava zvakawanda kuchenesa imba, kubika uye zvichingodaro. E. To kuderedza nguva famba. Mhuri nhengo Romanov vasingagoni kusiya Tsarskoye tiiviste, pedyo grids vakanga vakasangana neboka hooting. Akava vakasununguka venhau (kunyanya pepanhau kuruboshwe-bapiro) apomerwa zvenhema zvakasimba zvasiya mambo nemhuri yake.

Makakatanwa ari kukura zuva roga roga. The mberi njodzi Romanovs kwakanga kusina kujeka. Kurarama Tsarskoye tiiviste, nhengo imba youmambo vaiva Limbo. Mushure abdication pamusoro Nicholas Kerensky akakumbira kuti ugozvitumira Murmansk, kubva apo akakwanisa kufamba nemhuri yake England hama yake George V. dikidiki Hurumende akapa wayo mvumo uye vakatanga kutaurirana London. Nokukurumidza rokutanga chibvumirano vaibva kuEngland. Zvisinei, achinyora akanga kumbosiyiwa kwekanguva. Izvi zvakaitwa nokuti zvose zvakafanana gwirikwiti, iro vakakuvadza muchindakadzi, kusanganisira Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna. Mwanasikana Alexandra akapora, asi muna April, George akanga atendeuka kukokwa ake. British King akachinja pfungwa dzake nokuti political kusagadzikana mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yavo. In paramende kuRuboshwe akamutsa dutu norupi nenzira namambo nokuda kwake chokuparadza pokugara pasi vakazodzingwa hama. British Ambassador Dzhordzh Byukenen, achiudza Kerensky pamusoro kuda mambo wavo, sobbing. Nicholas nhau pamusoro demarche muzukuru akatora akamira uye chinyararire.

Kubva Tsarskoye tiiviste

Munguva yacho dzinokaroparuka antimonarchist manzwiro dikidiki Hurumende akasarudza resettle yacho Romanovs kubva Petrograd uye Moscow. Kerensky akanga pachake akakurukura nhau yacho Nicholas wake. Kunyanya, musiyano wezvinyorwa kutamira Livadiju. Asi, pakupedzisira, kwakasarudzwa kutumira yaimbova mhuri Crowned kuna Tobolsk. Kudivi rimwe, Kerensky akakurudzira Nicholas zvakakodzera kusiya Tsarskoye tiiviste, achitsanangura kuti pane Romanovs vari kugara mungozi. Ukuwo, musoro dikidiki Government aigona kusarudza Tobolsk kuti tigutse zvido kuruboshwe, kuzivisa kuti mambo zvasiya nengozi uye nemifananidzo pakavakirwa okunyanyisa monarchists zvabatanidzwa.

Train pamwe Romanovs akasiya Tsarskoye tiiviste August 2, 1917. The sezvamunoita aiva Red Cross mureza. Hurumende zvokungoitawo akaedza kuvanza zvose uchapupu youmambo dzokushanya mhuri. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, pikicha iyo kare nguva dzose Zvinovhiringidza mapepa, pamwechete hama akanyangarika kubva paruzhinji maonero. The chitima akasvika Tyumen musi 5 August. Romanov akabva akakwira chikepe uye akamuka nezuva Tobol kuna Tobolsk, uko iye ndokugara mumba aimbova gavhuna. Ndiine mhuri yakatama asina vakawanda varanda - musikana kukudzwa uye vadzidzisi.

Tobolsk

Upenyu Romanovs muna Tobolsk rikanyarara uye unremarkable. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, makore akatanga thicken pamusoro mhuri. Muna October 1917, simba iri Petrograd akayambukira Bolsheviks. Kusiyana dikidiki Government, hapana kushivirira, havana ruzivo kuti mhuri youmambo. Vakuru vatsva vari kuenda kutonga Nicholas. Kuti aite izvi, izvozvo vakaronga kutamira mhuri yose kuMoscow kana Petrograd. Muchuchisi ari kutongwa chaizova Leon Trotsky.

New kuchengeteka Romanovs muna Tobolsk kubatwa mutsa zvikuru kwavari zvakafanana. Muna April 1918, vasungwa (kunze Nicholas) akapisa diaries ake uye tsamba, anotsvaka uye vachirwisa vaitya. Ndakazviita uye Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna. Biography musikana chaizova zvakasiyana, asi pane ezvinhu echimurenga mhirizhonga, mwanasikana wamambo kuita chinhu asi kakawanda kusiya okupedzisira zviyeuchidzo akare mutambarakede upenyu.

April 23, Commissioner Nikolay Yakovlev akati chinangwa chake kumubvisa Tobolsk. Akaedza nharo, asi zvino musungwa akanga akayeuchidzwawo vamanikidzwe hweHIV. The Bolsheviks vachienda kutora rimwe Nicholas, asi pakupedzisira, vakaenda naye uye Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Mwanasikana yechitatu kuenda nomugwagwa pashure amai asarudza. Ungangove, Alexandra asarudza utore Mary nemhaka yokuti panguva iyoyo yaiva kupfuura vakasimba mumuviri wehanzvadzi mana.

Hapana Vafambi havana kuziva kwavakanga vakatorwa. Nicholas akafunga kuti Bolsheviks dzaienda ndimutume kuMoscow, kuitira kuti iye pachake akasaina yoga rugare Brest. Pakati nevarindi sezvo pakanga pasina kubatana. Pashure ose chivande pakati Bolsheviks mukupera April, vasungwa vakaunzwa kuna Yekaterinburg. Patakasvika muguta rinenge rose mhuri boka racho yakatumwa kujeri emo.

rufu

Romanov kuiswa mumba injiniya Ipatiev. Kwapera mwedzi, musi waMay 23 kusvika vasara mhuri yasvika. Pazuva okupedzisira Romanovs anogona kutongwa kubva dhayari pakati Nicholas. Iye ndikamufambisa panyika dzakawanda upenyu vakura uye asina kusiyiwa kunyange pashure tsika yava nyore ngozi. Manheru Maria hama vakapedza nguva shure Bezique (nevakawanda kadhi mutambo) kana kuridza mifananidzo kubva zvesimba. Pamwe naye baba akanga averenga "Hondo uye Rugare" NdiTolstoy.

Mukutanga July, ivo Bolsheviks akaona kuti vaizofanira vaizongoguma kuti zvakaitika kuuya Ekaterinburg chena. The shure kwaingova nyaya nguva. In ezvinhu, vatungamiri vebato akasarudza kubvisa mhuri youmambo. Uchapupu sei njodzi Romanovs, dzinopikisana, asi kare nhasi kazhinji vakabvumirana kuti ekupedzisira shoko raiva Lenin uye Sverdlov.

Usiku kubva 16 kusvika 17 July 1918 kusvika Ipatiev imba I akadzinga wemarori, iro raishandiswa nokukurumidza somunhu trupovozku. Romanovs navaranda vavo vakapinda dura. Kusvikira pakupedzisira wechipiri, vakanga vasingazivi kuti mugumo wavo. Musoro chevapfuri kuverenga dzinouraya chirevo, uye ipapo airamba ari aimbova mambo. Zvino vamwe Bolsheviks achangosvika pamwe nemhuri youmambo.

Nezvorufu ari Romanov kwakakonzera kuvhunduka vazhinji, monarchists, liberals, dzimwe vateereri. Kwemakore akawanda, hurumende yeSoviet makakanganisa mashoko ezvakaitwa chigaro. Vazhinji ake ezvinhu chakazozivikanwa chete mumakore gumi adarika. Kunyanya pamusoro Romanovs vaichema nhapwa. detembo mumwe rwakazvitsaurira kuna Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, ose obituary uye uchapupu ose vakararama vaiziva uye vaona muchindakadzi, vachibvumirana akapupura kuti kwaiva mukadzi akasiyana, akakodzera yakakwirira ake mamiriro uye ichidzvinyirira akafa panguva chero paangodira kwehurumende itsva. Zvakasaririra mwanasikana wamambo (uye hanzvadzi yake Alexei) pazvakawanikwa chete muna 2007, kunyange zvazvo vamwe Romanov kuvigwa yakawanikwa mukutanga kuma1990. Muna 2015 hurumende yakaita sarudzo dzavo reburial.